如何修复安装 Jupyter Notebook 时发生的错误？

Question

如何修复安装 Jupyter Notebook 时发生的错误？

Jaz*_*azz 5 python installation cmd pip jupyter-notebook

我是 Python 新手，并尝试使用以下命令从 Windows 命令提示符窗口中安装Jupyter Notebook：

pip install jupyter

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但是下载几分钟后，会显示如下错误信息：

  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\python.exe
' 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\
_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\asd\Ap
pData\Local\Temp\tmpnj_hhq6y'
         cwd: C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_pnki5r8\pywinpty
    Complete output (6 lines):

    Cargo, the Rust package manager, is not installed or is not on PATH.
    This package requires Rust and Cargo to compile extensions. Install it through
    the system's package manager or via https://rustup.rs/

    Checking for Rust toolchain....
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\progr
ams\python\python38-32\python.exe' 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\p
ython38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata
_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpnj_hhq6y' Check the logs for
full command output.
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.2.1; however, version 21.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\pytho
n\python38-32\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

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我在这里只附上了错误输出的最后一部分。

如何修复此错误以成功安装Jupyter Notebook？

EDIT1：我从错误消息中的链接安装了Rust包。之后，我再次尝试安装Jupyter Notebook，这次在比之前更进一步执行了几步之后，它输出了另一个错误：

Building wheels for collected packages: pywinpty
  Building wheel for pywinpty (PEP 517) ... -  WARNING: Subprocess output does
not appear to be encoded as cp1252
  WARNING: Subprocess output does not appear to be encoded as cp1252
error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\python.exe'
'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_v
endor\pep517\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpaj5
u66_y'
       cwd: C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mep4ye8d\pywinpty
  Complete output (60 lines):
  Running `maturin pep517 build-wheel -i c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\pyt
hon\python38-32\python.exe`
     Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.26
     Compiling unicode-xid v0.2.2
     Compiling syn v1.0.71
     Compiling winapi v0.3.9
     Compiling jobserver v0.1.22
  error: could not compile `proc-macro2`

  To learn more, run the command again with --verbose.
  warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
  error: build failed
  dY'¥ maturin failed
    Caused by: Failed to build a native library through cargo
    Caused by: Cargo build finished with "exit code: 101": `cargo rustc --messag
e-format json --manifest-path Cargo.toml --release --lib --`
  dY\x8d1 Building a mixed python/rust project
  dY"- Found pyo3 bindings
  dY\x90\x8d Found CPython 3.8 at c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\pyt
hon38-32\python.exe
  error: linker `link.exe` not found
    |
    = note: The system cannot find the file specified. (os error 2)


  note: the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found


  note: please ensure that VS 2013, VS 2015, VS 2017 or VS 2019 was installed wi
th the Visual C++ option


  error: aborting due to previous error


  error: linker `link.exe` not found
    |
    = note: The system cannot find the file specified. (os error 2)


  note: the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found


  note: please ensure that VS 2013, VS 2015, VS 2017 or VS 2019 was installed wi
th the Visual C++ option


  error: aborting due to previous error


  error: linker `link.exe` not found
    |
    = note: The system cannot find the file specified. (os error 2)


  note: the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found


  note: please ensure that VS 2013, VS 2015, VS 2017 or VS 2019 was installed wi
th the Visual C++ option


  error: aborting due to previous error


  Error: command ['maturin', 'pep517', 'build-wheel', '-i', 'c:\\users\\asd\\app
data\\local\\programs\\python\\python38-32\\python.exe'] returned non-zero exit
status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pywinpty
Failed to build pywinpty
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pywinpty which use PEP 517 and cannot be insta
lled directly
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.2.1; however, version 21.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\pytho
n\python38-32\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

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