使用MinGW链接到Python

Question

我不想创建一个嵌入python解释器的跨平台程序,并用MinGW编译它.但是Python Binary发行版没有提供MinGW链接的库(仅python32.lib适用于Visual C++),并且Python Source包不支持使用MinGW进行编译.

我尝试python32.lib在Mingw中链接,-lpython32但它仍会产生如下错误:

main.cpp: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Initialize'
main.cpp: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Finalize'

如何在MinGW中链接Python？我真的不想切换到使用Visual C++.

Answer 1

使用binutils中的nm和dlltool,您应该能够为gcc重建库:

echo EXPORTS > python32.def
nm python32.lib | grep " T _" | sed "s/.* T _//" >> python32.def
dlltool --input-def python32.def --dllname python32 --output-lib libpython32.a

python_test.c:

#include "Python.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    Py_Initialize();
    PyRun_SimpleString("from time import time,ctime\n"
                       "print('Today is',ctime(time())\n)");
    Py_Finalize();
    return 0;
}

编译:

gcc -Wall -IC:\Python32\include -LC:\Python32\libs -o python_test.exe python_test.c -lpython32

测试:

C:\python_test.exe
Today is Mon Jul 18 08:50:53 2011

编辑:如果您希望自己在x64上跳过自己构建,可以从Christoph Gohlke的非官方Windows二进制文件Python扩展包中下载几个版本.

编辑:这是基于在Tools/msi/msi.py中分发的现有函数的Python版本:

import subprocess
import warnings
import re

NM = 'x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm'
DLLTOOL = 'x86_64-w64-mingw32-dlltool'
EXPORT_PATTERN = r'^[_]{1,2}imp_(?P<export>.*) in python\d+\.dll'

def build_libpython(ver, nm=NM, dlltool=DLLTOOL,
                    export_pattern=EXPORT_PATTERN):
    pylib = 'python%s.lib' % ver
    pydef = 'python%s.def' % ver
    pydll = 'python%s.dll' % ver
    libpy = 'libpython%s.a' % ver
    warning = '%s failed - ' + '%s not built' % libpy
    match_export = re.compile(export_pattern).match
    cmd_nm = [nm, '-Cs', pylib]
    cmd_dlltool = [dlltool, 
                   '--dllname', pydll, 
                   '--def', pydef,
                   '--output-lib', libpy]
    with open(pydef, 'w') as f:
        f.write('LIBRARY %s\nEXPORTS\n' % pydll)
        p_nm = subprocess.Popen(cmd_nm, 
                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                universal_newlines=True)
        for line in sorted(p_nm.stdout):
            m = match_export(line)
            if m:
                f.write(m.group('export') + '\n')
        if p_nm.wait() != 0:
            warnings.warn(warning % nm)
            return False
    if subprocess.call(cmd_dlltool) != 0:
        warnings.warn(warning % dlltool)
        return False
    return True

例如:

import os
for n in (27, 33, 35):
    pylib = 'python%s.lib' % n
    if os.path.exists(pylib):
        build_libpython(n)
        pydef = 'python%s.def' % n            
        lc_def = sum(1 for line in open(pydef))
        libpy = 'libpython%s.a' % n
        lc_lib = sum(1 for line in os.popen('ar -t %s' % libpy))
        assert lc_def == lc_lib

Answer 2

试试这个...

1. 下载gendef为你的版本mingw(32或64位),并在msys shell ...
2. 跑 gendef /c/windows/system32/python32.dll
3. 跑 dlltool -D python32.dll -d python32.def -l libpython32.a
4. 复制libpython32.a到您的./python32/libs目录.

如果你的libpython32.a文件是0字节,那就出错了.仔细检查您是否为您的mingw/msys版本下载了正确版本的gendef.如果您正在运行64位版本,则可能必须下载gendef二进制文件并自行编译,但这很简单.

希望有所帮助.