根据声音相似度确定弦之间的距离

Question

两个单词之间相似性的定量描述是基于它们的发音/发音，类似于编辑距离吗？

我知道 soundex 为相似的发音单词提供了相同的 id，但据我了解，它并不是单词之间差异的定量描述符。

from jellyfish import soundex

print(soundex("two"))
print(soundex("to"))

Answer 1

您可以结合语音编码和字符串比较算法。事实上jellyfish两者都提供。

设置库示例

from jellyfish import soundex, metaphone, nysiis, match_rating_codex,\
    levenshtein_distance, damerau_levenshtein_distance, hamming_distance,\
    jaro_similarity
from itertools import groupby
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np


dataList = ['two','too','to','fourth','forth','dessert',
            'desert','Byrne','Boern','Smith','Smyth','Catherine','Kathryn']

sounds_encoding_methods = [soundex, metaphone, nysiis, match_rating_codex]

让我们比较一下不同的语音编码

report = pd.DataFrame([dataList]).T
report.columns = ['word']
for i in sounds_encoding_methods:
    print(i.__name__)
    report[i.__name__]= report['word'].apply(lambda x: i(x))
print(report)
          soundex metaphone   nysiis match_rating_codex
word                                                   
two          T000        TW       TW                 TW
too          T000         T        T                  T
to           T000         T        T                  T
fourth       F630       FR0     FART               FRTH
forth        F630       FR0     FART               FRTH
dessert      D263      TSRT    DASAD               DSRT
desert       D263      TSRT    DASAD               DSRT
Byrne        B650       BRN     BYRN               BYRN
Boern        B650       BRN     BARN                BRN
Smith        S530       SM0     SNAT               SMTH
Smyth        S530       SM0     SNYT              SMYTH
Catherine    C365      K0RN  CATARAN              CTHRN
Kathryn      K365      K0RN   CATRYN             KTHRYN

您可以看到，语音编码在使单词具有可比性方面做得非常好。您可能会看到不同的案例，并根据您的情况选择其中一种或另一种。

现在我将采用上述内容并尝试使用 levenshtein_distance 找到最接近的匹配，但我也可以为您提供其他任何匹配。

"""Select the closer by algorithm
for instance levenshtein_distance"""
report2 = pd.DataFrame([dataList]).T
report2.columns = ['word']

report.set_index('word',inplace=True)
report2 = report.copy()
for sounds_encoding in sounds_encoding_methods:
    report2[sounds_encoding.__name__] = np.nan
    matched_words = []
    for word in dataList:
        closest_list = []
        for word_2 in dataList:
            if word != word_2:
                closest = {}
                closest['word'] =  word_2
                closest['similarity'] = levenshtein_distance(report.loc[word,sounds_encoding.__name__],
                                     report.loc[word_2,sounds_encoding.__name__])
                closest_list.append(closest)

        report2.loc[word,sounds_encoding.__name__] = pd.DataFrame(closest_list).\
            sort_values(by = 'similarity').head(1)['word'].values[0]

print(report2)
             soundex  metaphone     nysiis match_rating_codex
word                                                         
two              too        too        too                too
too              two         to         to                 to
to               two        too        too                too
fourth         forth      forth      forth              forth
forth         fourth     fourth     fourth             fourth
dessert       desert     desert     desert             desert
desert       dessert    dessert    dessert            dessert
Byrne          Boern      Boern      Boern              Boern
Boern          Byrne      Byrne      Byrne              Byrne
Smith          Smyth      Smyth      Smyth              Smyth
Smyth          Smith      Smith      Smith              Smith
Catherine    Kathryn    Kathryn    Kathryn            Kathryn
Kathryn    Catherine  Catherine  Catherine          Catherine

从上面您可以清楚地看到语音编码和字符串比较算法之间的组合可以非常直接。