Cocoa按钮打开"系统首选项"页面

Question

在OSX Cocoa应用程序中,我想要一个可以打开"语音"首选项窗格的按钮.那可能吗？我只是想节省他们去系统首选项>语音>文本到语音的时间

Answer 1

以下是一种相当简单(可靠)的方法,至少可以向Speech.prefPane打开系统偏好设置:

- (IBAction)openSpeechPrefs:(id)sender {
    [[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] openURL:
     [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/System/Library/PreferencePanes/Speech.prefPane"]];
}

但是,它不一定会切换到Text to Speech选项卡,而是切换到用户选择的最后一个选项卡.

实际上也可以切换到Text to Speech选项卡,但它更复杂一些.您可以使用AppleScript将命令发送到"系统偏好设置"应用程序,但使用ScriptingBridge.framework(请参阅" 脚本桥编程指南")要快得多.

您需要将ScriptingBridge.framework项目添加到项目中,然后在终端中使用如下命令生成要使用的SBSystemPreferences.h头文件:

sdef "/Applications/System Preferences.app" | sdp -fh --basename SBSystemPreferences -o ~/Desktop/SBSystemPreferences.h

将该SBSystemPreferences.h标题添加到项目中,然后更改-openSpeechPrefs:为以下内容:

- (IBAction)openSpeechPrefs:(id)sender {
    SBSystemPreferencesApplication *systemPrefs = 
    [SBApplication applicationWithBundleIdentifier:@"com.apple.systempreferences"];

    [systemPrefs activate];

    SBElementArray *panes = [systemPrefs panes];
    SBSystemPreferencesPane *speechPane = nil;

    for (SBSystemPreferencesPane *pane in panes) {
        if ([[pane id] isEqualToString:@"com.apple.preference.speech"]) {
            speechPane = pane;
            break;
        }
    }
    [systemPrefs setCurrentPane:speechPane];

    SBElementArray *anchors = [speechPane anchors];

    for (SBSystemPreferencesAnchor *anchor in anchors) {
        if ([anchor.name isEqualToString:@"TTS"]) {
            [anchor reveal];
        }
    }
}

编辑:

使用ScriptingBridge.framework方法的示例项目:http: //github.com/NSGod/OpenSystemPrefsTTS

Answer 2

甚至可以在首选项窗格中选择特定的子项。下面是在“隐私”窗格下选择“摄像机”的示例：

NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Camera"];
[[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] openURL:URL];

功劳归功于以下站点：https : //macosxautomation.com/system-prefs-links.html

URL列表供参考（*已针对macOS Catalina和Mojave更新*）：

Accessibility Preference Pane
Main    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess
Display x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Seeing_Display
Zoom    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Seeing_Zoom
VoiceOver   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Seeing_VoiceOver
Descriptions    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Media_Descriptions
Captions    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Captioning
Audio   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Hearing
Keyboard    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Keyboard
Mouse & Trackpad    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Mouse
Switch Control  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Switch
Dictation   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?SpeakableItems

Security & Privacy Preference Pane
Main    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security
General x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?General
FileVault   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?FDE
Firewall    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Firewall
Advanced    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Advanced
Privacy x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy
Privacy-Camera x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Camera
Privacy-Microphone  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Microphone
Privacy-Automation  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Automation
Privacy-AllFiles    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_AllFiles
Privacy-Accessibility   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Accessibility
Privacy-Assistive   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Assistive
Privacy-Location Services   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_LocationServices
Privacy-SystemServices  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_SystemServices
Privacy-Advertising x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Advertising
Privacy-Contacts    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Contacts
Privacy-Diagnostics & Usage x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Diagnostics
Privacy-Calendars   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Calendars
Privacy-Reminders   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Reminders
Privacy-Facebook    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Facebook
Privacy-LinkedIn    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_LinkedIn
Privacy-Twitter x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Twitter
Privacy-Weibo   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Weibo
Privacy-Tencent Weibo   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_TencentWeibo

macOS Catalina 10.15:
Privacy-ScreenCapture   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_ScreenCapture
Privacy-DevTools    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DevTools
Privacy-InputMonitoring x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_ListenEvent
Privacy-DesktopFolder   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DesktopFolder
Privacy-DocumentsFolder x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DocumentsFolder
Privacy-DownloadsFolder x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DownloadsFolder
Privacy-NetworkVolume   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_NetworkVolume
Privacy-RemovableVolume x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_RemovableVolume
Privacy-SpeechRecognition   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_SpeechRecognition

Dictation & Speech Preference Pane
Dictation   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.speech?Dictation
Text to Speech  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.speech?TTS
Sharing Preference Pane
Main    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing
Screen Sharing  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_ScreenSharing
File Sharing    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_PersonalFileSharing
Printer Sharing x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_PrinterSharing
Remote Login    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_RemoteLogin
Remote Management   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_ARDService
Remote Apple Events x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_RemoteAppleEvent
Internet Sharing    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Internet
Bluetooth Sharing   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_BluetoothSharing

Software update x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.softwareupdate?client=softwareupdateapp

这一切都可以归功于SystemPreference.app中的preferencePane + CFBundleURLTypes（CFBundleURLSchemes）x-apple.systempreferences（Info.plist）中的Info.plist键

NSPrefPaneAllowsXAppleSystemPreferencesURLScheme

从10.15开始，某些密钥位于PrivacyTCCServices.plist（Security.prefPane）中

从10.14版本开始，Mojave的某些隐私密钥已不复存在。莫哈韦沙漠（Mojave）隐私列表：

Catalina隐私列表：