Rust 书单元测试示例导致死代码警告 - 为什么？

Question

在学习 Rust 并尝试 Rust 书中的示例单元测试相关代码时：https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch11-01-writing-tests.html

我收到一条关于死代码的警告，这些代码显然正在由单元测试执行。这是为什么？

lib.rs 中的代码

struct Rectangle {
    width: u32,
    height: u32,
}

impl Rectangle {
    fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
        self.width > other.width && self.height > other.height
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    
    #[test]
    fn larger_can_hold_smaller() {
        let larger = Rectangle {
            width: 8,
            height: 7,
        };
        let smaller = Rectangle {
            width: 5,
            height: 1,
        };

        assert!(larger.can_hold(&smaller));
    }
}

运行货物测试时的结果

$ cargo test
   Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/Users/khorkrak/projects/rust/adder)
warning: associated function is never used: `can_hold`
 --> src/lib.rs:8:8
  |
8 |     fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
  |        ^^^^^^^^
  |
  = note: `#[warn(dead_code)]` on by default

warning: 1 warning emitted

    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.19s
     Running target/debug/deps/adder-1082c4b063a8fbe6

running 1 test
test tests::larger_can_hold_smaller ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

   Doc-tests adder

running 0 tests

test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

$ rustc --version
rustc 1.50.0 (cb75ad5db 2021-02-10)

Answer 1

改变这个

struct Rectangle {
    width: u32,
    height: u32,
}

impl Rectangle {
    fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
        self.width > other.width && self.height > other.height
    }
}

这使得死代码警告消失。

pub struct Rectangle {
    width: u32,
    height: u32,
}

impl Rectangle {
    pub fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
        self.width > other.width && self.height > other.height
    }
}

测试的结构和方法都需要公开。