Nik*_*rin 5 c unix posix gnu lseek
我看源代码的cat从GNU的coreutils,特别是圆检测。他们正在比较设备和 inode 并且工作正常,但是有一种额外的情况,如果输入为空,他们允许输出为输入。查看代码,这必须是lseek (input_desc, 0, SEEK_CUR) < stat_buf.st_size)部分。我阅读了从 中找到的联机帮助页和讨论git blame,但我仍然不太明白为什么lseek需要调用。
这是如何cat检测的要点,如果它会无限耗尽磁盘(请注意,为了简洁起见,还删除了一些错误检查,完整的源代码在上面链接):
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(STDOUT_FILENO, &stat_buf);
out_dev = stat_buf.st_dev;
out_ino = stat_buf.st_ino;
out_isreg = S_ISREG (stat_buf.st_mode) != 0;
// ...
// for <infile> in inputs {
input_desc = open (infile, file_open_mode); // or STDIN_FILENO
fstat(input_desc, &stat_buf);
/* Don't copy a nonempty regular file to itself, as that would
merely exhaust the output device. It's better to catch this
error earlier rather than later. */
if (out_isreg
&& stat_buf.st_dev == out_dev && stat_buf.st_ino == out_ino
&& lseek (input_desc, 0, SEEK_CUR) < stat_buf.st_size) // <--- This is the important line
{
// ...
}
// } (end of for)
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我有两种可能的解释,但似乎都有些奇怪。
st_size)和/lseek或open通过某些默认偏移来尊重这些信息。我不知道为什么会这样,因为空意味着空,对吧?input_desc会STDIN_FILENO并且不会有文件通过管道传输到stdin,lseek则会失败ESPIPE(根据手册页)并返回-1。那么,这整个语句就是lseek(...) == -1 || stat_buf.st_size > 0. 但这不可能是真的,因为此检查仅在设备和 inode 相同的情况下才会发生,并且只有在 a) stdin 和 stdout 指向相同的 pty 时才会发生,但随后out_isreg会是false或 b) stdin 和 stdout 指向同一个文件,但lseek不能返回-1,对吗?我还编写了一个打印返回值和errno重要部分的小程序,但没有什么特别突出的:
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
struct stat out_stat;
struct stat in_stat;
if (fstat(STDOUT_FILENO, &out_stat) < 0)
exit(1);
printf("this is written to stdout / into the file\n");
int fd;
if (argc > 1)
fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
else
fd = STDIN_FILENO;
fstat(fd, &in_stat);
int res = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
fprintf(stderr,
"errno after lseek = %d, EBADF = %d, EINVAL = %d, EOVERFLOW = %d, "
"ESPIPE = %d\n",
errno, EBADF, EINVAL, EOVERFLOW, ESPIPE);
fprintf(stderr, "input:\n\tlseek(...) = %d\n\tst_size = %ld\n", res,
in_stat.st_size);
printf("outsize is %ld", out_stat.st_size);
}
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$ touch empty
$ ./a.out < empty > empty
errno after lseek = 0, EBADF = 9, EINVAL = 22, EOVERFLOW = 75, ESPIPE = 29
input:
lseek(...) = 0
st_size = 0
$ echo x > empty
$ ./a.out < empty > empty
errno after lseek = 0, EBADF = 9, EINVAL = 22, EOVERFLOW = 75, ESPIPE = 29
input:
lseek(...) = 0
st_size = 0
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所以我的研究没有触及我的最终问题:如何lseek帮助确定本示例中的文件是否为空cat?
这是我对此进行逆向工程的尝试 - 我找不到任何公开讨论来解释为什么lseek()放在那里(GNU coreutils 中没有其他地方这样做)。
指导性问题是:条件何时为lseek (input_desc, 0, SEEK_CUR) < stat_buf.st_size假?
测试用例:
#!/bin/bash
# (edited based on comments)
set -x
# arrange for cat to start off past the end of a non-empty file
echo abcdefghi > /tmp/so/catseek/input
# get the shell to open the input file for reading & writing as file descriptor 7
exec 7<>/tmp/so/catseek/input
# read the whole file via that descriptor (but leave it open)
dd <&7
# ask linux what the current file position of file descriptor 7 is
# should be everything dd read, namely 10 bytes, the size of the file
grep ^pos: /proc/self/fdinfo/7
# run cat, with pre and post content so that we know how to locate the interesting part
# "-" will cause cat to reuse its file descriptor 0 rather than creating a new file descriptor
# the redirections tell the shell to redirect file descriptors 1 and 0 to/from our open file descriptor 7
# which, as you'll remember, already has a file position of 10 bytes
strace -e lseek ./src/cat /tmp/so/catseek/pre - /tmp/so/catseek/post <&7 >&7
# now let's see what's in the file
cat /tmp/so/catseek/input
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和:
$ cat /tmp/so/catseek/pre
pre
$ cat /tmp/so/catseek/post
post
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cat和lseek (input_desc, 0, SEEK_CUR) < stat_buf.st_size:
+ test.sh:8:echo abcdefghi
+ test.sh:10:exec
+ test.sh:12:dd
abcdefghi
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
10 bytes copied, 2.0641e-05 s, 484 kB/s
+ test.sh:15:grep '^pos:' /proc/self/fdinfo/7
pos: 10
+ test.sh:20:strace -e lseek ./src/cat /tmp/so/catseek/pre - /tmp/so/catseek/post
lseek(0, 0, SEEK_CUR) = 14
+++ exited with 0 +++
+ test.sh:22:cat /tmp/so/catseek/input
abcdefghi
pre
post
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cat和0 < stat_buf.st_size:
+ test.sh:8:echo abcdefghi
+ test.sh:10:exec
+ test.sh:12:dd
abcdefghi
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
10 bytes copied, 3.6415e-05 s, 275 kB/s
+ test.sh:15:grep '^pos:' /proc/self/fdinfo/7
pos: 10
+ test.sh:20:strace -e lseek ./src/cat /tmp/so/catseek/pre - /tmp/so/catseek/post
./src/cat: -: input file is output file
+++ exited with 1 +++
+ test.sh:22:cat /tmp/so/catseek/input
abcdefghi
pre
post
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正如你所看到的,cat启动时,文件位置可能已经在文件结尾之后,仅检查文件大小会跳过cat该文件,但也会触发失败,因为if语句内的代码是:
error (0, 0, _("%s: input file is output file"), infile);
ok = false;
goto contin;
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使用lseek()允许cat说“哦,文件是相同的,并且不为空,但是我们的读取仍然会变成空,因为这就是读取过去的 EOF 的工作原理,所以我们可以允许这种情况”。