Pytest如何直接调用带有fixture参数的函数

Question

我正在为网络应用程序构建一个测试套件。我使用的固定装置如下：

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from common import Common

@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def driver(module, headless=True):
    opts = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
    opts.add_argument('--headless') if headless else None
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=opts)
    driver.get('http://localhost:8080/request')
    yield driver
    driver.quit()

def test_title(driver):
    assert driver.title == 'abc'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_title() #what I need to execute to see if everything is fine

假设我需要test_title通过直接在if __name__ == '__main__':. 如何使用test_title()作为参数传入的驱动程序进行调用？

调用test_title如下：

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_title(driver(None, False))

python 产生如下错误：

(virtual) sflash@debian:~/Documents/php/ufj/ufj-test$ ./test_r*
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./test_request.py", line 30, in <module>
    test_empty_all(driver(None, headless=True))
  File "/home/sflash/Documents/php/ufj/ufj-test/virtual/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/fixtures.py", line 1176, in result
    fail(message, pytrace=False)
  File "/home/sflash/Documents/php/ufj/ufj-test/virtual/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pytest/outcomes.py", line 153, in fail
    raise Failed(msg=msg, pytrace=pytrace)
Failed: Fixture "driver" called directly. Fixtures are not meant to be called directly,
but are created automatically when test functions request them as parameters.
See https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/fixture.html for more information about fixtures, and
https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/deprecations.html#calling-fixtures-directly about how to update your code.

Answer 1

正如评论中所讨论的，装置不能直接调用 - 它们只能与pytest.

要直接从代码调用测试，您可以pytest.main()在您的部分中调用，这与在命令行上__main__调用具有相同的效果。pytest任何命令行选项都可以作为参数添加到调用中（作为列表），例如：

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-vv', 'test.py::test_title'])

要在不涉及 pytest 的情况下使用驱动程序（这是您的意图），您必须提取驱动程序逻辑并从固定装置和主程序中分别调用它：

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from common import Common

def get_driver(headless=True):
    opts = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
    opts.add_argument('--headless') if headless else None
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=opts)
    driver.get('http://localhost:8080/request')
    return driver
):

@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def driver():
    yield get_driver()
    driver.quit()

def test_title(driver):
    assert driver.title == 'abc'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = get_driver()
    test_title(driver) 
    driver.quit()

请注意，只有当测试函数不依赖于任何 pytest 特定的东西（例如自动应用的装置）时，这才有效。
另请注意，您不能像在示例中那样在夹具中使用参数，因为您无法提供该参数。相反，您可以使用参数化夹具。