如何在单独的线程上在Converter中运行代码,以便UI不会冻结？

Question

我有一个很慢的WPF转换器(计算,在线提取等).如何异步转换以便我的UI不会冻结？我发现这一点,但解决的办法是将转换器代码在属性- http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/pl-PL/wpf/thread/50d288a2-eadc-4ed6-a9d3-6e249036cb71 -这我宁愿不这样做.

以下是演示该问题的示例.这里的下拉列表将冻结,直到睡眠过去.

namespace testAsync
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Threading;

    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            MyNumbers = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "Uno", 1 }, { "Dos", 2 }, { "Tres", 3 } };

            this.DataContext = this;           
        }

        public Dictionary<string, int> MyNumbers
        {
            get { return (Dictionary<string, int>)GetValue(MyNumbersProperty); }
            set { SetValue(MyNumbersProperty, value); }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty MyNumbersProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("MyNumbers", typeof(Dictionary<string, int>), typeof(MainWindow), new UIPropertyMetadata(null));


        public string MyNumber
        {
            get { return (string)GetValue(MyNumberProperty); }
            set { SetValue(MyNumberProperty, value); }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty MyNumberProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
            "MyNumber", typeof(string), typeof(MainWindow), new UIPropertyMetadata("Uno"));
    }

    public class AsyncConverter : IMultiValueConverter
    {
        public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
        {
            object result = null;


            if (values[0] is string && values[1] is IDictionary<string, int>)
            {
                DoAsync(
                    () =>
                        {
                                            Thread.Sleep(2000); // Simulate long task
                            var number = (string)(values[0]);
                            var numbers = (IDictionary<string, int>)(values[1]);

                            result = numbers[number];
                            result = result.ToString();
                        });
            }

            return result;
        }

        private void DoAsync(Action action)
        {
            var frame = new DispatcherFrame();
            new Thread((ThreadStart)(() =>
            {
                action();
                frame.Continue = false;
            })).Start();
            Dispatcher.PushFrame(frame);
        }

        public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
    }

和XAML:

<Window x:Class="testAsync.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:testAsync"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="200" Width="200">
    <Window.Resources>
        <local:AsyncConverter x:Key="asyncConverter"/>
    </Window.Resources>
    <DockPanel>
        <ComboBox DockPanel.Dock="Top" SelectedItem="{Binding MyNumber, IsAsync=True}"                   
                  ItemsSource="{Binding MyNumbers.Keys, IsAsync=True}"/>
        <TextBlock DataContext="{Binding IsAsync=True}"
            FontSize="50" FontWeight="Bold" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
            <TextBlock.Text>
                <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource asyncConverter}">
                    <Binding Path="MyNumber" IsAsync="True"/>
                    <Binding Path="MyNumbers" IsAsync="True"/>
                </MultiBinding>
            </TextBlock.Text>
        </TextBlock>
    </DockPanel>
</Window>

请注意,所有绑定现在都是IsAsync ="True",但这没有用.

组合框将卡住2000毫秒.

Answer 1

我知道你说你不想从属性设置器调用翻译,但是我认为它比IValueConverter/ 更干净IMultiValueConverter.

最终,您希望从组合框中设置所选数字的值,并立即从中返回.您希望推迟更新显示/翻译的值,直到翻译过程完成.

我认为对数据进行建模更加清晰,这样翻译后的值本身就是一个只能由异步进程更新的属性.

    <ComboBox SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedNumber, Mode=OneWayToSource}"                   
              ItemsSource="{Binding MyNumbers.Keys}"/>
    <TextBlock Text="{Binding MyNumberValue}" />

public partial class MainWindow : Window, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        MyNumbers = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "Uno", 1 }, { "Dos", 2 }, { "Tres", 3 } };

        DataContext = this;   
    }

    public IDictionary<string, int> MyNumbers { get; set; }

    string _selectedNumber;
    public string SelectedNumber
    {
        get { return _selectedNumber; }
        set
        {
            _selectedNumber = value;
            Notify("SelectedNumber");
            UpdateMyNumberValue();
        }
    }

    int _myNumberValue;
    public int MyNumberValue
    {
        get { return _myNumberValue; }
        set 
        { 
            _myNumberValue = value;
            Notify("MyNumberValue");
        }
    }

    void UpdateMyNumberValue()
    {
        var key = SelectedNumber;
        if (key == null || !MyNumbers.ContainsKey(key)) return;

        new Thread(() =>
        {
            Thread.Sleep(3000);
            MyNumberValue = MyNumbers[key];
        }).Start();
    }

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    void Notify(string property)
    {
        var handler = PropertyChanged;
        if(handler != null) handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property));
    }
}

Answer 2

您可以使用a DispatcherFrame,这是一个示例转换器:

public class AsyncConverter : IValueConverter
{
    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        object result = null;
        DoAsync(() =>
        {
            Thread.Sleep(2000); // Simulate long task
            result = (int)value * 2; // Some sample conversion
        });
        return result;
    }

    private void DoAsync(Action action)
    {
        var frame = new DispatcherFrame();
        new Thread((ThreadStart)(() =>
        {
            action();
            frame.Continue = false;
        })).Start();
        Dispatcher.PushFrame(frame);
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }
}

Answer 3

我建议看看BackgroundWorker. 它可以在后台线程上执行转换，然后在 UI 线程上引发完成事件。

请参阅http://www.dotnetperls.com/backgroundworker