使用曲面渐变的颜色matplotlib plot_surface命令

Question

我想在matplotlib中将surf命令从MATLAB转换为plot_surface命令.

我面临的挑战是在plot_surface命令中使用cmap函数为渐变着色表面.

这是matlab脚本

% Matlab Commands
x = -5:.25:5; y = x
[x,y] = meshgrid(x);
R = sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2);
Z = sin(R)
surf(x,y,Z,gradient(Z))

这个命令的数字可以在这里找到.(http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/visualize/f0-18164.html#f0-46458)

这是python scipt当使用python和matplotlib创建类似的函数时,我无法使用渐变为表面着色.

# Python-matplotlib Commands
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=gradient(Z), linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
plt.show()

我收到以下错误消息:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<ipython console>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\startup.py", line 122, in runfile
    execfile(filename, glbs)
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\mramacha\My Documents\Python\Candela\tmp.py", line 13, in <module>
    surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=gradient(Z), linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py", line 729, in plot_surface
    polyc = art3d.Poly3DCollection(polys, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\art3d.py", line 344, in __init__
    PolyCollection.__init__(self, verts, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\collections.py", line 570, in __init__
    Collection.__init__(self,**kwargs)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\collections.py", line 86, in __init__
    cm.ScalarMappable.__init__(self, norm, cmap)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\cm.py", line 155, in __init__
    self.cmap = get_cmap(cmap)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\cm.py", line 126, in get_cmap
    if name in cmap_d:
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

任何输入都会有所帮助.

Praboo

Answer 1

首先,看起来你想要从渐变幅度映射的颜色.您正在尝试使用渐变向量,这就是您收到"列表"错误的原因.

其次,您可以提供cmap​​,但它只定义了Z值映射到颜色的方式.如果您想要新的面部颜色,请使用facecolors参数.

第三,您需要将值标准化为0..1,然后通过色彩映射将它们映射.(我认为还有另一种方法,但将幅度除以最大值非常简单)

这是代码:

# Python-matplotlib Commands
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
Gx, Gy = np.gradient(Z) # gradients with respect to x and y
G = (Gx**2+Gy**2)**.5  # gradient magnitude
N = G/G.max()  # normalize 0..1
surf = ax.plot_surface(
    X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1,
    facecolors=cm.jet(N),
    linewidth=0, antialiased=False, shade=False)
plt.show()

结果如下: