无法在 alpine docker 镜像上安装 PyMuPDF

Question

我正在尝试在 apline 图像上安装 pymupdf 包，但出现以下错误

fitz/fitz_wrap.c:2739:10: fatal error: ft2build.h: No such file or directory
     2739 | #include <ft2build.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

 RUN pip install PyMuPDF
 ---> Running in 34d246d6f01b
Collecting PyMuPDF
  Downloading PyMuPDF-1.18.5.tar.gz (251 kB)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for PyMuPDF, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: PyMuPDF
    Running setup.py install for PyMuPDF: started
    Running setup.py install for PyMuPDF: finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-nipvlcn8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python3.8/PyMuPDF
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/
    Complete output (20 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/fitz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/utils.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    running build_ext
    building 'fitz._fitz' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -g -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -g -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -g -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -I/usr/include/mupdf -I/usr/local/include/mupdf -Imupdf/thirdparty/freetype/include -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c fitz/fitz_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz/fitz_wrap.o
    fitz/fitz_wrap.c:2739:10: fatal error: ft2build.h: No such file or directory
     2739 | #include <ft2build.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-nipvlcn8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python3.8/PyMuPDF Check the logs for full command output.
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.2.4; however, version 20.3.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/bin/python3.8 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install PyMuPDF' returned a non-zero code: 1

Answer 1

Alpine 中的 freetype-dev 将安装在 /usr/include/freetype2 中。你可以用 apk add mupdf-dev与pymupdf不一致的方法结构将头文件和目录链接到/usr/include安装的mupdf，所以你需要从源代码编译mupdf库。

FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk add gcc g++ cmake make mupdf-dev freetype-dev
ARG MUPDF=1.18.0
RUN ln -s /usr/include/freetype2/ft2build.h /usr/include/ft2build.h \
    && ln -s /usr/include/freetype2/freetype/ /usr/include/freetype \
    && wget -c -q https://www.mupdf.com/downloads/archive/mupdf-${MUPDF}-source.tar.gz \
    && tar xf mupdf-${MUPDF}-source.tar.gz \
    && cd mupdf-${MUPDF}-source \
    && make HAVE_X11=no HAVE_GLUT=no shared=yes prefix=/usr/local install \
    && cd .. \
    && rm -rf *.tar.gz mupdf-${MUPDF}-source
RUN pip install PyMuPDF==1.18.9

试试这个，它有效

此外，Alpine官方Mupdf库已更新，使安装更容易。（更新于2021-04-28）

FROM python:3.8-alpine
# Add temporary virtual environment dependencies
RUN apk --no-cache add --virtual .builddeps gcc g++

# These dependency packages cannot be removed because they continue to be used in PyMupdf
RUN apk --no-cache add  mupdf-dev freetype-dev jbig2dec-dev jpeg-dev openjpeg-dev 

# install PyMupdf
RUN pip install pymupdf

# Remove virtual environment dependencies
RUN apk del .builddeps

Answer 2

对于此类错误，可以采取一些简单的步骤：

1. 阅读错误并识别丢失的文件，您已经完成了，您似乎丢失了ft2build.h
2. 前往Alpine 套餐网站并浏览内容选项卡
3. 在“文件”字段中输入您缺少的文件的名称；在Branch中，选择您的 Alpine 版本，然后在Repository中选择main
4. 这将指向一个特定的包，只需通过 Dockerfile 安装它apk，然后就可以开始了

对于您的情况，这是在 Alpine 版本 3.12 上进行搜索的结果：

因此，您的问题可以通过在现有apk命令中添加包来解决freetype-dev

RUN apk add --no-cache \
      freetype-dev