Kei*_*ith 17 directory powershell compare file
PowerShell noob在这里.
我有两个不同的文件夹与xml文件.一个文件夹(folder2)包含与另一个文件夹(folder1)相比的更新和新的xml文件.我需要知道folder2中的哪些文件是新的/更新的,与folder1相比,并将它们复制到第三个文件夹(folder3).在PowerShell中实现此目的的最佳方法是什么？
JNK*_*JNK 29
好吧,我不会为你编写整个代码(那有什么好玩的？)但是我会帮你开始的.
首先,有两种方法可以进行内容比较.懒惰/大多数正确的方式,比较文件的长度; 以及准确但更复杂的方式,即比较每个文件内容的哈希值.
为简单起见,让我们做简单的方法并比较文件大小.
基本上,您需要两个表示源文件夹和目标文件夹的对象:
$Folder1 = Get-childitem "C:\Folder1"
$Folder2 = Get-childitem "C:\Folder2"
然后你可以Compare-Object用来看看哪些项目不同......
Compare-Object $Folder1 $Folder2 -Property Name, Length
通过比较每个集合中文件对象的名称和长度,它将为您列出所有不同的内容.
您可以将其传输到Where-Object过滤器以选择左侧不同的东西......
Compare-Object $Folder1 $Folder2 -Property Name, Length | Where-Object {$_.SideIndicator -eq "<="}
然后将其ForEach-Object传送到a 以复制到您想要的位置:
Compare-Object $Folder1 $Folder2 -Property Name, Length | Where-Object {$_.SideIndicator -eq "<="} | ForEach-Object {
Copy-Item "C:\Folder1\$($_.name)" -Destination "C:\Folder3" -Force
}
这是一个纯PowerShell v3 +递归文件diff(无依赖关系),它为每个目录文件内容(左/右)计算MD5哈希值.可以选择导出CSV和摘要文本文件.默认输出结果为stdout.可以将rdiff.ps1文件放入路径中,也可以将内容复制到脚本中.
USAGE: rdiff path/to/left,path/to/right [-s path/to/summary/dir]
这是要点.建议使用gist中的版本,因为它可能会随着时间的推移而具有其他功能.随意发送拉请求.
#########################################################################
### USAGE: rdiff path/to/left,path/to/right [-s path/to/summary/dir] ###
### ADD LOCATION OF THIS SCRIPT TO PATH ###
#########################################################################
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[parameter(HelpMessage="Stores the execution working directory.")]
[string]$ExecutionDirectory=$PWD,
[parameter(Position=0,HelpMessage="Compare two directories recursively for differences.")]
[alias("c")]
[string[]]$Compare,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Export a summary to path.")]
[alias("s")]
[string]$ExportSummary
)
### FUNCTION DEFINITIONS ###
# SETS WORKING DIRECTORY FOR .NET #
function SetWorkDir($PathName, $TestPath) {
$AbsPath = NormalizePath $PathName $TestPath
Set-Location $AbsPath
[System.IO.Directory]::SetCurrentDirectory($AbsPath)
}
# RESTORES THE EXECUTION WORKING DIRECTORY AND EXITS #
function SafeExit() {
SetWorkDir /path/to/execution/directory $ExecutionDirectory
Exit
}
function Print {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Message to print.")]
[string]$Message,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a success.")]
[alias("s")]
[switch]$SuccessFlag,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a warning.")]
[alias("w")]
[switch]$WarningFlag,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies an error.")]
[alias("e")]
[switch]$ErrorFlag,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a fatal error.")]
[alias("f")]
[switch]$FatalFlag,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a info message.")]
[alias("i")]
[switch]$InfoFlag = !$SuccessFlag -and !$WarningFlag -and !$ErrorFlag -and !$FatalFlag,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies blank lines to print before.")]
[alias("b")]
[int]$LinesBefore=0,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies blank lines to print after.")]
[alias("a")]
[int]$LinesAfter=0,
[parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies if program should exit.")]
[alias("x")]
[switch]$ExitAfter
)
PROCESS {
if($LinesBefore -ne 0) {
foreach($i in 0..$LinesBefore) { Write-Host "" }
}
if($InfoFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" }
if($SuccessFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Green" }
if($WarningFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Orange" }
if($ErrorFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Red" }
if($FatalFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Red" -BackgroundColor "Black" }
if($LinesAfter -ne 0) {
foreach($i in 0..$LinesAfter) { Write-Host "" }
}
if($ExitAfter) { SafeExit }
}
}
# VALIDATES STRING MIGHT BE A PATH #
function ValidatePath($PathName, $TestPath) {
If([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($TestPath)) {
Print -x -f "$PathName is not a path"
}
}
# NORMALIZES RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE PATH TO ABSOLUTE PATH #
function NormalizePath($PathName, $TestPath) {
ValidatePath "$PathName" "$TestPath"
$TestPath = [System.IO.Path]::Combine((pwd).Path, $TestPath)
$NormalizedPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($TestPath)
return $NormalizedPath
}
# VALIDATES STRING MIGHT BE A PATH AND RETURNS ABSOLUTE PATH #
function ResolvePath($PathName, $TestPath) {
ValidatePath "$PathName" "$TestPath"
$ResolvedPath = NormalizePath $PathName $TestPath
return $ResolvedPath
}
# VALIDATES STRING RESOLVES TO A PATH AND RETURNS ABSOLUTE PATH #
function RequirePath($PathName, $TestPath, $PathType) {
ValidatePath $PathName $TestPath
If(!(Test-Path $TestPath -PathType $PathType)) {
Print -x -f "$PathName ($TestPath) does not exist as a $PathType"
}
$ResolvedPath = Resolve-Path $TestPath
return $ResolvedPath
}
# Like mkdir -p -> creates a directory recursively if it doesn't exist #
function MakeDirP {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Path create.")]
[string]$Path
)
PROCESS {
New-Item -path $Path -itemtype Directory -force | Out-Null
}
}
# GETS ALL FILES IN A PATH RECURSIVELY #
function GetFiles {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Path to get files for.")]
[string]$Path
)
PROCESS {
ls $Path -r | where { !$_.PSIsContainer }
}
}
# GETS ALL FILES WITH CALCULATED HASH PROPERTY RELATIVE TO A ROOT DIRECTORY RECURSIVELY #
# RETURNS LIST OF @{RelativePath, Hash, FullName}
function GetFilesWithHash {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Path to get directories for.")]
[string]$Path,
[parameter(HelpMessage="The hash algorithm to use.")]
[string]$Algorithm="MD5"
)
PROCESS {
$OriginalPath = $PWD
SetWorkDir path/to/diff $Path
GetFiles $Path | select @{N="RelativePath";E={$_.FullName | Resolve-Path -Relative}},
@{N="Hash";E={(Get-FileHash $_.FullName -Algorithm $Algorithm | select Hash).Hash}},
FullName
SetWorkDir path/to/original $OriginalPath
}
}
# COMPARE TWO DIRECTORIES RECURSIVELY #
# RETURNS LIST OF @{RelativePath, Hash, FullName}
function DiffDirectories {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Directory to compare left.")]
[alias("l")]
[string]$LeftPath,
[parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=1,HelpMessage="Directory to compare right.")]
[alias("r")]
[string]$RightPath
)
PROCESS {
$LeftHash = GetFilesWithHash $LeftPath
$RightHash = GetFilesWithHash $RightPath
diff -ReferenceObject $LeftHash -DifferenceObject $RightHash -Property RelativePath,Hash
}
}
### END FUNCTION DEFINITIONS ###
### PROGRAM LOGIC ###
if($Compare.length -ne 2) {
Print -x "Compare requires passing exactly 2 path parameters separated by comma, you passed $($Compare.length)." -f
}
Print "Comparing $($Compare[0]) to $($Compare[1])..." -a 1
$LeftPath = RequirePath path/to/left $Compare[0] container
$RightPath = RequirePath path/to/right $Compare[1] container
$Diff = DiffDirectories $LeftPath $RightPath
$LeftDiff = $Diff | where {$_.SideIndicator -eq "<="} | select RelativePath,Hash
$RightDiff = $Diff | where {$_.SideIndicator -eq "=>"} | select RelativePath,Hash
if($ExportSummary) {
$ExportSummary = ResolvePath path/to/summary/dir $ExportSummary
MakeDirP $ExportSummary
$SummaryPath = Join-Path $ExportSummary summary.txt
$LeftCsvPath = Join-Path $ExportSummary left.csv
$RightCsvPath = Join-Path $ExportSummary right.csv
$LeftMeasure = $LeftDiff | measure
$RightMeasure = $RightDiff | measure
"== DIFF SUMMARY ==" > $SummaryPath
"" >> $SummaryPath
"-- DIRECTORIES --" >> $SummaryPath
"`tLEFT -> $LeftPath" >> $SummaryPath
"`tRIGHT -> $RightPath" >> $SummaryPath
"" >> $SummaryPath
"-- DIFF COUNT --" >> $SummaryPath
"`tLEFT -> $($LeftMeasure.Count)" >> $SummaryPath
"`tRIGHT -> $($RightMeasure.Count)" >> $SummaryPath
"" >> $SummaryPath
$Diff | Format-Table >> $SummaryPath
$LeftDiff | Export-Csv $LeftCsvPath -f
$RightDiff | Export-Csv $RightCsvPath -f
}
$Diff
SafeExit
除了@JNK 的回答之外，您可能希望确保始终使用文件而不是Compare-Object. 你只需要使用-PassThru开关...
$Folder1 = Get-ChildItem "C:\Folder1"
$Folder2 = Get-ChildItem "C:\Folder2"
$Folder2 = "C:\Folder3\"
# Get all differences, i.e. from both "sides"
$AllDiffs = Compare-Object $Folder1 $Folder2 -Property Name,Length -PassThru
# Filter for new/updated files from $Folder2
$Changes = $AllDiffs | Where-Object {$_.Directory.Fullname -eq $Folder2}
# Copy to $Folder3
$Changes | Copy-Item -Destination $Folder3
这至少意味着您不必担心 SideIndicator 箭头指向哪个方向！
另外，请记住，您可能还想比较LastWriteTime。
递归循环子文件夹稍微复杂一些，因为在比较列表之前您可能需要从 FullName 字段中删除相应的根文件夹路径。
您可以通过向您的Folder1和Folder2列表添加一个新的ScriptProperty来做到这一点：
$Folder1 | Add-Member -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name "RelativePath" `
-Value {$this.FullName -replace [Regex]::Escape("C:\Folder1"),""}
$Folder2 | Add-Member -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name "RelativePath" `
-Value {$this.FullName -replace [Regex]::Escape("C:\Folder2"),""}
然后，您应该能够在比较两个对象时使用相对路径作为属性，并在复制时使用它连接到“C:\Folder3”以保持文件夹结构就位。