为什么我不能在没有手动编辑的情况下粘贴Pythons REPL的输出？

Question

大量示例Python代码显示了Python REPL的输出,例如:

>>> class eg(object):
...     def __init__(self, name):
...             self.name = name
...     def hi(self):
...             print "Hi %s" % (self.name)
... 
>>> greeter = eg("Bob")
>>> greeter.hi()
Hi Bob
>>> 

现在,您要做的显而易见的事情就是运行上面的代码..所以,我运行"python"并将上面的文本粘贴到..

>>> >>> class eg(object):
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    >>> class eg(object):
     ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> ...     def __init__(self, name):
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    ...     def __init__(self, name):
    ^

代码坏了!？..

为了让它运行,我将不得不..

• 一次复制并粘贴一行,确保正确复制所有缩进.如果你搞砸了(比如,错过一个领先的空间,你必须重新开始)
• 使用文本编辑器删除>>>和...,然后再粘贴

这不是一个大问题,但考虑到以这种格式呈现了多少示例代码,看起来很奇怪你必须这样做.

Answer 1

如何运行/采用"Pythons REPL的输出"

• 使用IPython shell

  In [99]: %cpaste
  Pasting code; enter '--' alone on the line to stop.
  :>>> class eg(object):
  :...     def __init__(self, name):
  :...             self.name = name
  :...     def hi(self):
  :...             print "Hi %s" % (self.name)
  :...
  :>>> greeter = eg("Bob")
  :>>> greeter.hi()
  :--
  Hi Bob
  

• 使用功能强大的文本编辑器(例如,C-x r k杀死Emacs中的矩形区域)

• 使用doctest模块

首先没有shell提示复制(例如,我不知道如何在Google Chrome上执行此操作).

为什么使用doctest格式

将以下内容保存到documentation.txt:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut
aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. 

>>> class eg(object):
...     def __init__(self, name):
...             self.name = name
...     def hi(self):
...             print "Hi %s" % (self.name)
... 
>>> greeter = eg("Bob")
>>> greeter.hi()
Hi Bob
>>>

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est
laborum.

跑:

$ python -c "import doctest; doctest.testfile('documentation.txt')" -v

输出:

Trying:
    class eg(object):
        def __init__(self, name):
                self.name = name
        def hi(self):
                print "Hi %s" % (self.name)
Expecting nothing
ok
Trying:
    greeter = eg("Bob")
Expecting nothing
ok
Trying:
    greeter.hi()
Expecting:
    Hi Bob
ok
1 items passed all tests:
   3 tests in doctest.txt
3 tests in 1 items.
3 passed and 0 failed.
Test passed.

如果您在模块的末尾添加以下代码段,它将测试其文档字符串中的所有代码:

if __name__=="__main__":
   import doctest; doctest.testmod()

QED