为什么我在构建 docker 镜像时遇到此错误？

Question

为什么我在构建 docker 镜像时遇到此错误？

我在通过“docker-compose build”构建 docker 映像时遇到以下错误。

ERROR: Couldn't connect to Docker daemon at http://127.0.0.1:2375 - is it running?

If it's at a non-standard location, specify the URL with the DOCKER_HOST environment variable.

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即使我尝试使用“sudo”，我也得到了这个：

Building web
Step 1/8 : FROM python:3.8.3-alpine
 ---> 8ecf5a48c789
Step 2/8 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 87bb0088a0ba
Step 3/8 : ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4f1a6ddf9e1f
Step 4/8 : ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5d22b6b7a0f5
Step 5/8 : RUN pip install --upgrade pip
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 169ee831f728
Step 6/8 : COPY ./requirements.txt .
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4b4351e31632
Step 7/8 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in a4dae2fe3761
Collecting asgiref==3.2.10
  Downloading asgiref-3.2.10-py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Collecting cffi==1.14.3
  Downloading cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
Collecting cryptography==3.2.1
  Downloading cryptography-3.2.1.tar.gz (540 kB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"''
       cwd: None
  Complete output (128 lines):
  Collecting setuptools>=40.6.0
    Downloading setuptools-50.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (785 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Downloading wheel-0.35.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (33 kB)
  Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
    Using cached cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
  Collecting pycparser
    Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): started
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-99ngzpxw
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/
    Complete output (50 lines):
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
  
        No working compiler found, or bogus compiler options passed to
        the compiler from Python's standard "distutils" module.  See
        the error messages above.  Likely, the problem is not related
        to CFFI but generic to the setup.py of any Python package that
        tries to compile C code.  (Hints: on OS/X 10.8, for errors about
        -mno-fused-madd see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22313407/
        Otherwise, see https://wiki.python.org/moin/CompLangPython or
        the IRC channel #python on irc.freenode.net.)
  
        Trying to continue anyway.  If you are trying to install CFFI from
        a build done in a different context, you can ignore this warning.
  
    running bdist_wheel
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
    running build_ext
    building '_cffi_backend' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
    Running setup.py clean for cffi
  Failed to build cffi
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, wheel, pycparser, cffi
      Running setup.py install for cffi: started
      Running setup.py install for cffi: finished with status 'error'
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pah2aui6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay/include/python3.8/cffi
           cwd: /tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/
      Complete output (50 lines):
      unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
      unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
  
          No working compiler found, or bogus compiler options passed to
          the compiler from Python's standard "distutils" module.  See
          the error messages above.  Likely, the problem is not related
          to CFFI but generic to the setup.py of any Python package that
          tries to compile C code.  (Hints: on OS/X 10.8, for errors about
          -mno-fused-madd see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22313407/
          Otherwise, see https://wiki.python.org/moin/CompLangPython or
          the IRC channel #python on irc.freenode.net.)
  
          Trying to continue anyway.  If you are trying to install CFFI from
          a build done in a different context, you can ignore this warning.
  
      running install
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
      running build_ext
      building '_cffi_backend' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
      gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
      unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
      error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pah2aui6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay/include/python3.8/cffi Check the logs for full command output.
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"'' Check the logs for full command output.
ERROR: Service 'web' failed to build: The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

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这是我的 Dockerfile：

# pull official base image
FROM python:3.8.3-alpine

# set work directory
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

# set environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# install dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
COPY ./requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

# copy project
COPY . .

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和 docker-compose.yml：

ERROR: Couldn't connect to Docker daemon at http://127.0.0.1:2375 - is it running?

If it's at a non-standard location, specify the URL with the DOCKER_HOST environment variable.

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我要补充的是，我几个月前购买了笔记本电脑，并且在该设备上以前的系统上的 Docker 已经出现问题（这是我更改系统的原因之一）。我从 Fedora 切换到 Ubuntu。

此外，我的 shell 中没有 python3 的“python”别名，并且由于未知的原因，我需要在简单的“pip freeze”之前放置“python3 -m”。

我希望这些信息可能有用。谢谢。

。。。

在我的 Dockerfile 中添加“RUN apk add builder-base”后，出现以下错误：

Step 8/9 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in cd9c74fbd831
Collecting asgiref==3.2.10
  Downloading asgiref-3.2.10-py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Collecting cffi==1.14.3
  Downloading cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
Collecting cryptography==3.2.1
  Downloading cryptography-3.2.1.tar.gz (540 kB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"''
       cwd: None
  Complete output (104 lines):
  Collecting setuptools>=40.6.0
    Downloading setuptools-50.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (785 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Downloading wheel-0.35.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (33 kB)
  Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
    Using cached cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
  Collecting pycparser
    Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): started
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-9jsg5veu
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/
    Complete output (38 lines):
    running bdist_wheel
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
    running build_ext
    building '_cffi_backend' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
    c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
       15 | #include <ffi.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
    Running setup.py clean for cffi
  Failed to build cffi
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, wheel, pycparser, cffi
      Running setup.py install for cffi: started
      Running setup.py install for cffi: finished with status 'error'
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-s86a1yn7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay/include/python3.8/cffi
           cwd: /tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/
      Complete output (38 lines):
      running install
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
      running build_ext
      building '_cffi_backend' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
      gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
      c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
         15 | #include <ffi.h>
            |          ^~~~~~~
      compilation terminated.
      error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-s86a1yn7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-bu

Answer 1

Pau*_*rer 14

Alpine Linux 不支持在manylinux标签下发布的二进制轮子 Python 包，因此您必须自己编译诸如cffi和之类的东西cryptography。为此，您需要一个编译器和正确的标头集。这记录在cryptography Alpine 的安装文档中。

2021 年 9 月更新：现在有一个musllinux标准允许二进制轮子与 Alpine 配合使用。要使用它们，您必须拥有pip 21.2.4 或更高版本。

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