如何在可绘制的瀑布图中为条形设置不同的颜色？

Question

我有一个瀑布图，我想分别设置每个条形的颜色（第一个为蓝色，第二个、第三个和第四个为红色，第五个为绿色，第六个为蓝色）。图表中所有的相关条都是递增的，而plotly只允许你设置递增、递减和总计三种颜色。有什么办法可以做我想做的事吗？

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(go.Waterfall(
    name = "20", orientation = "v",
    measure = ["relative", "relative", "relative", "relative", "relative", "total"],
    x = ["Buy", "Transaction Cost", "Remodeling Cost", "Ownership Cost", "Gain", "Sell"],
    textposition = "outside",
    text = ["$200", "$14", "$45", "$5", "$86", "$350"],
    y = [200, 14, 45, 5, 86, 350],
    connector = {"visible": False}
))
fig.show()

结果：

正如我所说，我希望条形图的颜色是：

blue for the first one, red for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th one, green for 5th one, and blue for 6th one

Answer 1

问题

Ploty 瀑布图栏颜色自定义。正如 OP 所提到的，目前 plotly 支持自定义条形颜色以减少、增加和总计。

解决方案

在 OP 的示例中，要制作条形的颜色（蓝色、红色、红色、红色、绿色、蓝色）：

• 在increasing属性中设置标记颜色为红色
• 在totals属性中设置标记颜色为蓝色
• 将蓝色和绿色的形状添加到第一个和第四个条形通过 .add_shape()

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(go.Waterfall(
    name = "20", orientation = "v",
    measure = ["relative", "relative", "relative", "relative", "relative", "total"],
    x = ["Buy", "Transaction Cost", "Remodeling Cost", "Ownership Cost", "Gain", "Sell"],
    textposition = "outside",
    text = ["$200", "$14", "$45", "$5", "$86", "$350"],
    y = [200, 14, 45, 5, 86, 350],
    increasing = {"marker":{"color":"red"}},
    totals = {"marker":{"color":"blue"}},
    connector = {"visible": False}
))

fig.add_shape(
    type="rect", fillcolor="blue", line=dict(color="blue"), opacity=1,
    x0=-0.4, x1=0.4, xref="x", y0=0.0, y1=fig.data[0].y[0], yref="y"
)

fig.add_shape(
    type="rect", fillcolor="green", line=dict(color="green"), opacity=1,
    x0=3.6, x1=4.4, xref="x",
    y0=fig.data[0].y[-1] - fig.data[0].y[-2], y1=fig.data[0].y[-1], yref="y"
)

fig.show()

这将产生 OP 想要的结果

参考

• https://plotly.com/python/waterfall-charts/
• R Plotly：如何在 R Plot.ly 中设置瀑布图单个条的颜色？
• https://plotly.com/python/styling-plotly-express/#updating-or-modifying-figures-made-with-plotly-express