ves*_*and 19 python string list filter
有关在数字列表中检索部分匹配项的方法,请访问:
但是,如果您正在寻找如何检索字符串列表的部分匹配项,您会在下面的答案中找到简明扼要地解释的最佳方法。
SO:部分匹配的 Python 列表查找显示了如何返回 a bool,如果 alist包含部分匹配(例如begins,ends, 或contains)某个字符串的元素。但是你怎么能返回元素本身,而不是True或False
l = ['ones', 'twos', 'threes']
wanted = 'three'
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在这里,链接问题中的方法将返回True使用:
any(s.startswith(wanted) for s in l)
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那么如何返回元素'threes'呢?
Tre*_*ney 23
startswith和in, 返回一个布尔值in运营商成员的考验。list-comprehension或filterlist-comprehension, 和in是经过测试的最快实现。l = list(map(str.lower, l)).filter:filter创建一个filter对象,所以list()用于显示list.l = ['ones', 'twos', 'threes']
wanted = 'three'
# using startswith
result = list(filter(lambda x: x.startswith(wanted), l))
# using in
result = list(filter(lambda x: wanted in x, l))
print(result)
[out]:
['threes']
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list-comprehensionl = ['ones', 'twos', 'threes']
wanted = 'three'
# using startswith
result = [v for v in l if v.startswith(wanted)]
# using in
result = [v for v in l if wanted in v]
print(result)
[out]:
['threes']
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words语料库来自nltk'three'
['three', 'threefold', 'threefolded', 'threefoldedness', 'threefoldly', 'threefoldness', 'threeling', 'threeness', 'threepence', 'threepenny', 'threepennyworth', 'threescore', 'threesome']from nltk.corpus import words
%timeit list(filter(lambda x: x.startswith(wanted), words.words()))
[out]:
47.4 ms ± 1.9 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
%timeit list(filter(lambda x: wanted in x, words.words()))
[out]:
27 ms ± 1.78 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
%timeit [v for v in words.words() if v.startswith(wanted)]
[out]:
34.1 ms ± 768 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
%timeit [v for v in words.words() if wanted in v]
[out]:
14.5 ms ± 63.3 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
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any()您可以使用 for 循环来查找字符串,而不是返回函数的结果:
def find_match(string_list, wanted):
for string in string_list:
if string.startswith(wanted):
return string
return None
>>> find_match(['ones', 'twos', 'threes'], "three")
'threes'
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一个简单直接的答案:
test_list = ['one', 'two','threefour']
r = [s for s in test_list if s.startswith('three')]
print(r[0] if r else 'nomatch')
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结果:
threefour
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不确定在不匹配的情况下您想做什么。 r[0]如果有匹配项,这正是您所要求的,但如果没有匹配项,则它是未定义的。在print这一交易,但你可能会想这样做是不同的。
我会说最密切相关的解决方案是使用next而不是any:
>>> next((s for s in l if s.startswith(wanted)), 'mydefault')
'threes'
>>> next((s for s in l if s.startswith('blarg')), 'mydefault')
'mydefault'
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就像 一样any,它在找到匹配项后立即停止搜索,并且只占用 O(1) 空间。与列表理解解决方案不同,它总是处理整个列表并占用 O(n) 空间。
哦,或者any按原样使用,但记住最后检查的元素:
>>> if any((match := s).startswith(wanted) for s in l):
print(match)
threes
>>> if any((match := s).startswith('blarg') for s in l):
print(match)
>>>
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另一种变体,仅分配匹配元素:
>>> if any(s.startswith(wanted) and (match := s) for s in l):
print(match)
threes
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(可能想要包含诸如or True匹配项s是否可以是空字符串之类的内容。)
这对我来说似乎很简单,所以我可能误读了,但你可以通过带有 if 语句的 foo 循环运行它;
l = ['ones', 'twos', 'threes']
wanted = 'three'
def run():
for s in l:
if (s.startswith(wanted)):
return s
print(run())
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输出:
threes
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