C - 比较数字字符串

Question

出于专业的好奇心,比较C中两个完全数字字符串的最安全/最快/最有效的方法是什么？

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void){

char str1[5] = "123";
char str2[5] = "123";
char *ptr;

if(atoi(str1) == atoi(str2))
    printf("Equal strings");

if(strtol(str1,&ptr,10) == strtol(str2,&ptr,10))
    printf("Equal strings");

if(strcmp(str1,str2)==0)
    printf("Equal strings");

return 0;
}

Answer 1

strcmp ()在我看来,因为它不需要任何数字转换.但在这种情况下,您需要确保其中一个存储仅包含数字字符的字符串.

你也可以memcmp ()在字符串上做

EDIT1

正如其他人关于前导零的指出,您可以手动扫描前导零并调用strcmp ()或memcmp ()通过将指针传递给第一个非零数字.

EDIT2

以下代码说明了我想说的内容.这仅适用于整数,不适用于浮点数.

int main (void)
{
  char s1[128], s2[128];
  char *p1 = s1, *p2 = s2;

  /* populate s1, s2 */

  while (*p1 && (*p1 == '0'))
    p1++;

  while (*p2 && (*p2 == '0'))
    p2++;

  if (strcmp (p1, p2) == 0)
    printf ("\nEqual");
  else
    printf ("\nNot equal");

  printf ("\n");
  return 0;
}

对于浮点数,小数点后的尾随零应手动切除.

或者手动完成整个过程.

EDIT4

我还想让你看看这个浮点代码.这将检测小数点前的前导零和小数后的尾随零.例如

00000000000001.10000000000000并且1.1将Equal用于下面的代码

int main (void)
{
  char s1[128], s2[128];
  char *p1, *p2, *p1b, *p2b;

  printf ("\nEnter 1: ");
  scanf ("%s", s1);
  printf ("\nEnter 2: ");
  scanf ("%s", s2);

  p1 = s1;
  p2 = s2;
  /* used for counting backwards to trim trailing zeros
   * in case of floating point
   */
  p1b = s1 + strlen (s1) - 1;
  p2b = s2 + strlen (s2) - 1;


  /* Eliminate Leading Zeros */
  while (*p1 && (*p1 == '0'))
    p1++;

  while (*p2 && (*p2 == '0'))
    p2++;

  /* Match upto decimal point */
  while (((*p1 && *p2) && ((*p1 != '.') && (*p2 != '.'))) && (*p1 == *p2))
  {
    p1++;
    p2++;
  }

  /* if a decimal point was found, then eliminate trailing zeros */
  if ((*p1 == '.') && (*p2 == '.'))
  {
    /* Eliminate trailing zeros (from back) */
    while (*p1b == '0')
      p1b--;
    while (*p2b == '0')
      p2b--;

    /* match string forward, only upto the remaining portion after
     * discarding of the trailing zero after decimal
     */
    while (((p1 != p1b) && (p2 != p2b)) && (*p1 == *p2))
    {
      p1++;
      p2++;
    }
  }

  /* First condition on the LHS of || will be true for decimal portion
   * for float the RHS will be . If not equal then none will be equal
   */
  if (((*p1 == '\0') && (*p2 == '\0')) ||  ((p1 == p1b) && (p2 == p2b)))
    printf ("\nEqual");
  else
    printf ("\nNot equal");

  printf ("\n");
  return 0;
}

使用前需要进行一些测试.