RuntimeError: Database access not allowed, 使用“django_db”标记，或者“db”或“transactional_db”fixtures来启用它

Question

我正在尝试运行 pytest 并收到此错误： RuntimeError: Database access not allowed, use the "django_db" mark, or the "db" or "transactional_db" fixtures to enable it.

我在 test_models.py 中有以下测试，用于检查 uuid 是否已添加到用户（在自动添加中）：

import pytest

from backendapps.core.models import User

pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db

class TestUserModel():
    user = User.objects.create()

    assert user.uuid is not None

我在根级别还有一个名为 conftest.py 的装置文件。

import pytest

from backendapps.core.models import Org, User

@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def enable_db_access(db):
    pass

然后我也有这个 pytest.ini 也在根级别：

[pytest]
testpaths = backendapps
addopts = --ds=config.settings.local --reuse-db --create-db
python_files = tests.py test_*.py *_tests.py```

我的测试数据库设置为：

        'TEST': {
            'NAME': 'project_test_db',
        },

通过其他帖子，以下是我采取的调试步骤：

1. 添加pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db行 - 我有这个
2. 检查数据库权限 - 我的用户具有超级用户权限
3. 检查数据库上的迁移错误 - 我将所有迁移迁移到零并重新运行它们以检查迁移时是否有任何手动设置，一切正常。

关于尝试什么或如何获得更清晰的错误的任何想法？

完整错误：

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ERROR collecting backendapps/core/tests/test_models.py ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
backendapps/core/tests/test_models.py:18: in <module>
    class TestUserModel():
backendapps/core/tests/test_models.py:27: in TestUserModel
    user = User.objects.create()
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py:85: in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py:447: in create
    obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py:753: in save
    self.save_base(using=using, force_insert=force_insert,
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py:790: in save_base
    updated = self._save_table(
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py:895: in _save_table
    results = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, returning_fields, raw)
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py:933: in _do_insert
    return manager._insert(
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py:85: in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py:1249: in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(returning_fields)
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py:1395: in execute_sql
    with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py:26: in inner
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py:259: in cursor
    return self._cursor()
../../.local/share/virtualenvs/projectAPI-NVQT3lgx/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py:235: in _cursor
    self.ensure_connection()
E   RuntimeError: Database access not allowed, use the "django_db" mark, or the "db" or "transactional_db" fixtures to enable it.

================================================================================= short test summary info ==================================================================================
FAILED backendapps/core/tests/test_models.py - RuntimeError: Database access not allowed, use the "django_db" mark, or the "db" or "transactional_db" fixtures to enable it.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Results (0.49s):

Answer 1

我猜这个错误是由于您尝试直接在测试对象上创建用户造成的。因此，代码将在数据库设置之前执行，因此会出现错误。
您可以尝试在测试方法中创建用户：

class TestUserModel:
    def test_user_uuid_is_not_none(self):
        user = User.objects.create()
        assert user.uuid is not None

或者你可以简单地运行一个测试函数

def test_user_uuid_is_not_none(self):
        user = User.objects.create()
        assert user.uuid is not None

如果您需要在测试中多次访问用户，请创建一个固定装置并在测试中使用它：

[conftest.py]
@pytest.fixture
def user() -> settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL:
    # return the UserFactory (factoryboy)
    return UserFactory()

[test_models.py]
import pytest
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db

User = get_user_model()


class TestUserModel:
    def test_user_uuid_is_not_none(self, user: User):
        assert user.uuid is not None