Spring Boot @WebMvcTest 与 @SpringBootTest

Question

我有一个简单的健康控制器定义如下：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/admin")
public class AdminController {

    @Value("${spring.application.name}")
    String serviceName;

    @GetMapping("/health")
    String getHealth() {
        return serviceName + " up and running";
    }
}

以及测试它的测试类：

@WebMvcTest(RedisController.class)
class AdminControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void healthShouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/admin/health"))
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("live-data-service up and running")));
    }
}

运行测试时，我收到以下错误：

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Field configuration in com.XXXX.LiveDataServiceApplication required a bean of type 'com.XXXXX.AppConfiguration' that could not be found.

The injection point has the following annotations:
    - @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)


Action:

Consider defining a bean of type 'com.XXXX.AppConfiguration' in your configuration.

这里是AppConfiguration.java在与主 spring boot 应用程序类相同的包中定义的：

@WebMvcTest(RedisController.class)
class AdminControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void healthShouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/admin/health"))
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("live-data-service up and running")));
    }
}

主要类别：

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Field configuration in com.XXXX.LiveDataServiceApplication required a bean of type 'com.XXXXX.AppConfiguration' that could not be found.

The injection point has the following annotations:
    - @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)


Action:

Consider defining a bean of type 'com.XXXX.AppConfiguration' in your configuration.

如果我将测试类中的注释修改如下，则测试通过：

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties
public class AppConfiguration {

    @Value("${redis.host}")
    private String redisHost;

    @Value("${redis.port}")
    private int redisPort;

    @Value("${redis.password:}")
    private String redisPassword;
...
// getters and setters come here

我缺少什么？

Answer 1

@WebMvcTest您应该了解和的用法@SpringBootTest

@WebMvcTest ：注释只是实例化Web层而不是整个上下文，因此控制器类中的所有依赖项都应该被模拟，你可以查看文档

Spring Boot 仅实例化 Web 层而不是整个上下文。在具有多个控制器的应用程序中，您甚至可以要求仅实例化一个控制器，例如，@WebMvcTest(HomeController.class).

我们使用 @MockBean 为 GreetingService 创建并注入模拟（如果不这样做，应用程序上下文将无法启动）

SpringBootTest ： Spring boot测试注释实际加载测试环境的应用程序上下文

@SpringBootTest 注释告诉 Spring Boot 查找主配置类（例如带有 @SpringBootApplication 的配置类）并使用它来启动 Spring 应用程序上下文。

Answer 2

定义 src/test/resource/application.file 示例中的所有属性，以将 junit 5 用于其余层：

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
public class RestTest {

    
    @InjectMocks
    private RestClass  restClass;
    
    
    
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @BeforeEach
    public void init() throws Exception {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(restClass).build();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        String url = "/url";
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(get(url));
        resultActions.andExpect(status().isOk());

    }
    }