PySpark：从字符串类型列中读取嵌套的 JSON 并创建列

Question

我在 PySpark 中有一个包含 3 列的数据框 - json、date 和 object_id：

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|json                                                              |date      |object_id|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|{'a':{'b':0,'c':{'50':0.005,'60':0,'100':0},'d':0.01,'e':0,'f':2}}|2020-08-01|xyz123   |
|{'a':{'m':0,'n':{'50':0.005,'60':0,'100':0},'d':0.01,'e':0,'f':2}}|2020-08-02|xyz123   |
|{'g':{'h':0,'j':{'50':0.005,'80':0,'100':0},'d':0.02}}            |2020-08-03|xyz123   |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在我有一个变量列表：[ac60, an60, ad, gh]。我只需要从上述数据帧的 json 列中提取这些变量，并将这些变量添加为数据帧中具有各自值的列。

所以最后，数据框应该是这样的：

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|json                                                    |date      |object_id|a.c.60|a.n.60|a.d |g.h|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|{'a':{'b':0,'c':{'50':0.005,'60':0,'100':0},'d':0.01,...|2020-08-01|xyz123   |0     |null  |0.01|null|
|{'a':{'m':0,'n':{'50':0.005,'60':0,'100':0},'d':0.01,...|2020-08-02|xyz123   |null  |0     |0.01|null|
|{'g':{'h':0,'j':{'k':0.005,'':0,'100':0},'d':0.01}}     |2020-08-03|xyz123   |null  |null  |0.02|0   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

请帮助获取此结果数据框。我面临的主要问题是由于传入的 json 数据没有固定的结构。json 数据可以是嵌套形式的任何内容，但我只需要提取给定的四个变量。我在 Pandas 中通过展平 json 字符串然后提取 4 个变量来实现这一点，但在 Spark 中它变得越来越困难。

Answer 1

有两种方法可以做到：

1. 使用get_json_object函数，像这样：

import pyspark.sql.functions as F

df = spark.createDataFrame(['{"a":{"b":0,"c":{"50":0.005,"60":0,"100":0},"d":0.01,"e":0,"f":2}}',
                            '{"a":{"m":0,"n":{"50":0.005,"60":0,"100":0},"d":0.01,"e":0,"f":2}}',
                            '{"g":{"h":0,"j":{"50":0.005,"80":0,"100":0},"d":0.02}}'],
                           StringType())

df3 = df.select(F.get_json_object(F.col("value"), "$.a.c.60").alias("a_c_60"),
                F.get_json_object(F.col("value"), "$.a.n.60").alias("a_n_60"),
                F.get_json_object(F.col("value"), "$.a.d").alias("a_d"),
                F.get_json_object(F.col("value"), "$.g.h").alias("g_h"))

会给：

>>> df3.show()
+------+------+----+----+
|a_c_60|a_n_60| a_d| g_h|
+------+------+----+----+
|     0|  null|0.01|null|
|  null|     0|0.01|null|
|  null|  null|null|   0|
+------+------+----+----+

2. 显式声明模式（仅必要字段），使用带有模式的from_json函数将 JSON 转换为结构，然后从结构中提取单个值 - 这可能比 JSON 路径更高效：

from pyspark.sql.types import *
import pyspark.sql.functions as F

aSchema = StructType([
    StructField("c", StructType([
        StructField("60", DoubleType(), True)
    ]), True),
    StructField("n", StructType([
        StructField("60", DoubleType(), True)
    ]), True),
    StructField("d", DoubleType(), True),
])
gSchema = StructType([
    StructField("h", DoubleType(), True)
])

schema = StructType([
    StructField("a", aSchema, True),
    StructField("g", gSchema, True)
])

df = spark.createDataFrame(['{"a":{"b":0,"c":{"50":0.005,"60":0,"100":0},"d":0.01,"e":0,"f":2}}',
                            '{"a":{"m":0,"n":{"50":0.005,"60":0,"100":0},"d":0.01,"e":0,"f":2}}',
                            '{"g":{"h":0,"j":{"50":0.005,"80":0,"100":0},"d":0.02}}'],
                           StringType())

df2 = df.select(F.from_json("value", schema=schema).alias('data')).select('data.*')
df2.select(df2.a.c['60'], df2.a.n['60'], df2.a.d, df2.g.h).show()

会给

+------+------+----+----+
|a.c.60|a.n.60| a.d| g.h|
+------+------+----+----+
|   0.0|  null|0.01|null|
|  null|   0.0|0.01|null|
|  null|  null|null| 0.0|
+------+------+----+----+