包 Python3.7 不可用

Question

所以我有 python 3.8 和 pip ，但我也想安装稳定的 python 3.7 和 pip 。但是当我尝试时 sudo apt-get install python3.7 它说包不可用但被称为另一个包。请帮助错误：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package python3.7 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'python3.7' has no installation candidate

Answer 1

目前 Ubuntu 中默认的 Python 版本是 3.8，它是预安装的。虽然看起来像旧版本的 Spark，如 2.x 版本需要 Python 版本 3.7。我遇到了同样的问题，我做了以下操作

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt install python3.7

更新了 bashrc 以将 PYSPARK_PYTHON 环境变量指向上面安装的 python3.7，如下所示

export PYSPARK_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3.7
source ~/.bashrc

Answer 2

我尝试在Kali Linux的官方docker 镜像中执行以下步骤。它也应该在桌面上工作。

apt-get update
apt-get install -y build-essential openssl openssl-dev* wget curl
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.8/Python-3.7.8.tgz
tar -xvf Python-3.7.8.tgz
cd Python-3.7.8
./configure --enable-shared
make 
make test
make install

# Steps from here are to enable other libraries in linux to 
# access the shared python libraries.

cd /usr/local/lib/
cp libpython3.so /usr/lib64/
cp libpython3.so /usr/lib
cp libpython3.7m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/
cp libpython3.7m.so.1.0 /usr/lib/
cd /usr/lib64
ln -s libpython3.7m.so.1.0 libpython3.7m.so
cd /usr/lib
ln -s libpython3.7m.so.1.0 libpython3.7m.so

大功告成，python3.7安装完毕。

root@fe794c7ff15e:~# python3
Python 3.7.8 (default, Aug 15 2020, 16:26:34)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

我尝试使用此安装创建一个 python 虚拟环境。它工作正常。我也能够安装 pip 包。

(testvirtual) root@fe794c7ff15e:~# pip install flask
Collecting flask
  Downloading Flask-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
     |????????????????????????????????| 94 kB 404 kB/s 
Collecting Jinja2>=2.10.1
  Downloading Jinja2-2.11.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125 kB)
     |????????????????????????????????| 125 kB 10.4 MB/s 
Collecting click>=5.1
  Downloading click-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
     |????????????????????????????????| 82 kB 165 kB/s 
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.15
  Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)
     |????????????????????????????????| 298 kB 11.9 MB/s 
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24
  Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23
  Downloading MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (27 kB)
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2, click, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, flask
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.11.2 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-1.0.1 click-7.1.2 flask-1.1.2 itsdangerous-1.1.0

Answer 3

以下命令似乎有效，但请记住有关deadsnakes PPA的免责声明：

[T]如果出现安全问题或其他问题，我们无法保证及时更新。如果您想在安全或其他关键环境（例如，在生产服务器上）中使用它们，您需要自行承担风险。

但是，如果你真的想这样做：

apt-get update
apt-get install python3 python3-pip software-properties-common
add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
apt-get install python3.7