patch.multiple 是否可以作为装饰器与 pytest 一起使用

Question

我采用test_tmp.py了https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-multiple

from unittest.mock import DEFAULT, MagicMock, patch

thing = object()
other = object()

@patch.multiple('__main__', thing=DEFAULT, other=DEFAULT)
def test_function(thing, other):
    print(f'thing={thing}')
    print(f'other={other}')
    assert isinstance(thing, MagicMock)
    assert isinstance(other, MagicMock)

test_function()

它与 python 一起运行

python test_tmp.py
thing=<MagicMock name='thing' id='4355085552'>
other=<MagicMock name='other' id='4355243312'>

但它不适用于 pytest 并出现类似错误

pytest test_tmp.py
============================================================================================================= test session starts =============================================================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-5.4.3, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /private/tmp
collected 0 items / 1 error

=================================================================================================================== ERRORS ====================================================================================================================
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ERROR collecting test_tmp.py _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
test_tmp.py:13: in <module>
    test_function()
/Users/user/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py:1345: in patched
    with self.decoration_helper(patched,
/Users/user/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/lib/python3.8/contextlib.py:113: in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
/Users/user/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py:1313: in decoration_helper
    arg = patching.__enter__()
/Users/user/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py:1416: in __enter__
    original, local = self.get_original()
/Users/user/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py:1389: in get_original
    raise AttributeError(
E   AttributeError: <module '__main__' from '/path/to/bin/pytest'> does not have the attribute 'thing'
=========================================================================================================== short test summary info ===========================================================================================================
ERROR test_tmp.py - AttributeError: <module '__main__' from '/path/to/bin/pytest'> does not have the attribute 'thing'
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
============================================================================================================== 1 error in 0.31s ===============================================================================================================

想知道为什么吗？

我正在使用 pytest = "^5.4.3"

Answer 1

这里有一些东西在 pytest 中不起作用：

• 您不能直接调用测试，因此调用该函数将不起作用
• 装饰器版本在这种情况下不起作用，我想pytest只是没有实现这个（pytest默认将测试函数参数理解为固定装置；它正确处理 和 所使用的位置参数patch，patch.object但似乎无法处理注入的关键字参数经过patch.multiple）
• 使用'__main__'可能不起作用，你可以用它sys.modules[__name__]代替。

所以这是一个工作版本：

def test_function1():
    with patch.multiple(sys.modules[__name__],
                        thing=DEFAULT,
                        other=DEFAULT) as mocks:
        print(f'thing = {mocks["thing"]}')
        print(f'other = {mocks["other"]}')
        assert isinstance(thing, MagicMock)
        assert isinstance(other, MagicMock)

此版本还应与unittest.

在 pytest 中，您通常会将这种模拟移至固定装置中，因此这可能更符合 pytest 精神：

@pytest.fixture
def multiple():
    with patch.multiple(sys.modules[__name__],
                        thing=DEFAULT,
                        other=DEFAULT) as mocks:
        yield mocks


def test_function(multiple):
    print(f'thing = {multiple["thing"]}')
    print(f'other = {multiple["other"]}')
    assert isinstance(thing, MagicMock)
    assert isinstance(other, MagicMock)

注意：
这仅回答了标题中的问题，而不是“为什么” - 我查看了 的源代码patch.multiple，但不明白它如何与 pytest 交互。或许有更深刻见解的人可以回答这个问题。