use*_*462 2 macos homebrew ansible
我在创建适用于 linux 和 macOS 的剧本时遇到两个问题。
我的剧本中有很多这样的步骤:
- name: install something
package:
name: [something_1, something_2, ...]
state: present
become: yes
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它适用于 apt 和 yum,但是当我尝试在 macOS 上运行它时,自制软件会抱怨:
Running Homebrew as root is extremely dangerous and no longer supported.
我在很多地方都找不到解决这个问题的优雅方法。复制所有任务并使用when子句对我来说似乎势不可挡。可能我可以根据分布将 become_user 变量设置为 root/local_user,但这也有很多变化。
第二个问题是 head-only 公式(只能使用 --head 标志安装的自制软件包)。如果 something_2 需要安装这个标志怎么办?同样,我可以复制任务并将包模块更改为自制软件,但这是很多样板。
有什么帮助吗?
如果你想要一组足够灵活的任务来处理多个 Linux 包管理器和 macOS brew,那么选择要么是更多的逻辑,要么是更多的重复。
这三种模式应该会有所帮助。他们仍然有重复和样板代码,但这就是我们使用 Ansible 跨平台播放的领域。
become: yes仅针对 Linux 全局声明(root)when
--head为brew,或为apt等设置 PPAbrew install ncurses、apt install libncurses5-dev和dnf install ncurses-devel都是同一个库。become: yes仅针对 Linux 全局声明(root)对于 Linux 主机,切换到 root 进行安装是预期行为。对于 macOS a la Homebrew,以 root 身份安装并不好。因此,我们需要become: no(false使用时)brew,和become: yes(true)否则(对于Linux)。
在您的示例中,become指令嵌套在每个任务(“步骤”)中。为防止重复,请become在任务开始之前在更高的词法范围内调用。随后的任务将继承 的状态become,该状态是基于条件表达式设置的。
不幸的是become,根剧本范围的变量将是未定义的,并在运行第一个任务之前抛出错误:
# playbook.yml
- name: Demo
hosts: localhost
connection: local
# This works
become: True
# This doesn't - the variable is undefined
become: "{{ False if ansible_pkg_mgr == 'brew' else True }}"
# Nor does this - also undefined
become: "{{ False if ansible_os_family == 'Darwin' else True }}"
tasks:
# ...
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为了解决这个问题,我们可以将任务存储在另一个文件中并导入它们,或者将任务包装在一个块中。这些模式中的任何一个都将提供机会及时声明become我们的自定义变量值,以便任务选择它:
# playbook.yml
---
- name: Demo
hosts: localhost
connection: local
vars:
# This variable gives us a boolean for deciding whether or not to become
# root. It cascades down to any subsequent tasks unless overwritten.
should_be_root: "{{ true if ansible_pkg_mgr != 'brew' else false }}"
# It could also be based on the OS type, but since brew is the main cause
# it's probably better this way.
# should_be_root: "{{ False if ansible_os_family == 'Darwin' else True }}"
tasks:
# Import the tasks from another file, which gives us a chance to pass along
# a `become` context with our variable:
- import_tasks: test_tasks.yml
become: "{{ should_be_root }}"
# Wrapping the tasks in a block will also work:
- block:
- name: ncurses is present
package:
name: [libncurses5-dev, libncursesw5-dev]
state: present
- name: cmatrix is present
package:
name: cmatrix
state: present
become: "{{ should_be_root }}"
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现在有一个单一的逻辑检查brew和一个单一的before指令(取决于上面使用的任务模式)。所有任务都将以 root 用户身份执行,除非使用的包管理器是brew.
when该封装模块是一个极大的方便,但它是相当有限的。它本身只适用于理想的场景;意思是,一个不需要任何特殊处理或来自底层包管理器的标志的包。它所能做的就是传递要安装的包的文字字符串state、 和一个可选参数来强制使用特定的包管理器可执行文件。
这是一个示例,它安装wget了一个很好的简短任务,并且只有ffmpeg在安装时才会变得冗长以处理的特殊情况brew:
# playbook.yml
# ...
tasks:
# wget is the same among package managers, nothing to see here
- name: wget is present
when: ansible_pkg_mgr != 'brew'
package:
name: wget
state: present
# This will only run on hosts that do not use `brew`, like linux
- name: ffmpeg is present
when: ansible_pkg_mgr != 'brew'
package:
name: ffmpeg
state: present
# This will only run on hosts that use `brew`, i.e. macOS
- name: ffmpeg is present (brew)
when: ansible_pkg_mgr == 'brew'
homebrew:
name: ffmpeg
# head flag
state: head
# --with-chromaprint --with-fdk-aac --with-etc-etc
install_options: with-chromaprint, with-fdk-aac, with-etc-etc
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上面的游戏将ffmpeg针对 Linux 机器生成以下输出:
TASK [youtube-dl : ffmpeg is present] ******************************************
ok: [localhost]
TASK [youtube-dl : ffmpeg is present (brew)] ***********************************
skipping: [localhost]
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这不是您问题的具体部分,但接下来可能会出现。
该封装模块的文档也提到:
包名称也因包管理器而异;该模块不会在每个发行版中“翻译”它们。例如 libyaml-dev、libyaml-devel。
因此,我们自行处理相同软件在包管理器平台之间使用不同名称的情况。这是很常见的。
这有多种模式,例如:
他们都不是很愉快。这是一种使用角色的方法。角色确实涉及更多样板和目录杂耍,但作为交换,它们提供了模块化和局部变量环境。当一个角色中的一组任务需要更多的努力才能正确时,它最终不会污染其他任务集。
TASK [youtube-dl : ffmpeg is present] ******************************************
ok: [localhost]
TASK [youtube-dl : ffmpeg is present (brew)] ***********************************
skipping: [localhost]
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任务 forncurses查找由相应包管理器键控的要循环的项目数组。如果正在使用的包管理器未在变量对象中定义,则使用 Jinja 默认过滤器来引用default我们设置的
值。
使用此模式,添加对另一个包管理器或附加依赖项的支持只需更新变量对象:
# playbook.yml
---
- name: Demo
hosts: localhost
connection: local
roles:
- cmatrix
# roles/cmatrix/defaults/main.yml
---
ncurses:
default:
- ncurses
# Important: these keys need to exactly match the name of package managers for
# our logic to hold up
apt:
- libncurses5-dev
- libncursesw5-dev
brew:
- pkg-config
- ncurses
# roles/cmatrix/tasks/main.yml
---
- name: cmatix and its dependencies are present
become: "{{ should_be_root }}"
block:
- name: ncurses is present
package:
name: '{{ item }}'
state: latest
loop: "{{ ncurses[ansible_pkg_mgr] | default(ncurses['default']) }}"
- name: cmatrix is present
when: ansible_pkg_mgr != 'brew'
package:
name: cmatrix
state: present
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这是一个涵盖所有三个方面的完整示例。该剧本有两个角色,每个角色都使用become基于单个变量的正确值。它还包含一个特殊情况cmatrix,ffmpeg当安装时使用
brew, 并处理包管理器之间 ncurses 的备用名称。
# roles/cmatrix/defaults/main.yml
---
ncurses:
default:
- ncurses
apt:
- libncurses5-dev
- libncursesw5-dev
# add a new dependency for Debian
- imaginarycurses-dep
brew:
- pkg-config
- ncurses
# add support for Fedora
dnf:
- ncurses-devel
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# playbook.yml
---
- name: Demo
hosts: localhost
connection: local
vars:
should_be_root: "{{ true if ansible_pkg_mgr != 'brew' else false }}"
roles:
- cmatrix
- youtube-dl
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# roles/cmatrix/defaults/main.yml
ncurses:
default:
- ncurses
apt:
- libncurses5-dev
- libncursesw5-dev
brew:
- pkg-config
- ncurses
dnf:
- ncurses-devel
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# roles/cmatrix/tasks/main.yml
---
- name: cmatrix and dependencies are present
# A var from above, in the playbook
become: "{{ should_be_root }}"
block:
- name: ncurses is present
package:
name: '{{ item }}'
state: latest
# Get an array of the correct package names to install from the map in our
# default variables file
loop: "{{ ncurses[ansible_pkg_mgr] | default(ncurses['default']) }}"
# Install as usual if this is not a brew system
- name: cmatrix is present
when: ansible_pkg_mgr != 'brew'
package:
name: cmatrix
state: present
# If it is a brew system, use this instead
- name: cmatrix is present (brew)
when: ansible_pkg_mgr == 'brew'
homebrew:
name: cmatrix
state: head
install_options: with-some-option
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Ubuntu 的结果:
$ ansible-playbook demo.yml
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that
the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
PLAY [Demo] ********************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [localhost]
TASK [cmatrix : ncurses is present] ********************************************
ok: [localhost] => (item=libncurses5-dev)
ok: [localhost] => (item=libncursesw5-dev)
TASK [cmatrix : cmatrix is present] ********************************************
ok: [localhost]
TASK [cmatrix : cmatrix is present (brew)] *************************************
skipping: [localhost]
TASK [youtube-dl : ffmpeg is present] ******************************************
ok: [localhost]
TASK [youtube-dl : ffmpeg is present (brew)] ***********************************
skipping: [localhost]
TASK [youtube-dl : atomicparsley is present] ***********************************
ok: [localhost]
TASK [youtube-dl : youtube-dl is present] **************************************
ok: [localhost]
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
localhost : ok=6 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=2 rescued=0 ignored=0
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