Por*_*dow 3 struct metaprogramming julia
假设我有一些不可变的结构,例如
struct Person
name::Symbol
age::Int
end;
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我想写一个函数
function copyWithModification(original_person::Person, fieldToChange::String, valueForNewField)::Person
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返回一个新的 Person 结构,就像旧的那样,除了 fieldToChange 中指定的字段的值已设置为 valueForNewField。我该怎么做呢?
我当前的尝试使用Setfield和元编程
using Setfield
function copyWithModification(original_person::Person, fieldToChange::String, valueForNewField)::Person
return eval(Meta.parse("@set original_person." * fieldToChange * " = " * string(valueForNewField)))
end
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这不起作用,因为 eval 是在全局范围内执行的,因此无法访问original_person对象:
julia> struct Person
name::Symbol
age::Int
end;
julia> using Setfield
julia> function copyWithModification(original_person::Person, fieldToChange::String, valueForNewField)::Person
return eval(Meta.parse("@set original_person." * fieldToChange * " = " * string(valueForNewField)))
end
copyWithModification (generic function with 1 method)
julia> person_local_scope = Person(:test, 10)
Person(:test, 10)
julia> copyWithModification(person_local_scope, "age", 20)
ERROR: UndefVarError: original_person not defined
Stacktrace:
[1] top-level scope at /Users/lionstarr/.julia/packages/Setfield/XM37G/src/sugar.jl:182
[2] eval at ./boot.jl:330 [inlined]
[3] eval(::Expr) at ./client.jl:425
[4] copyWithModification(::Person, ::String, ::Int64) at ./REPL[3]:2
[5] top-level scope at REPL[5]:1
julia>
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我应该指出,我并不关心这段代码的性能;它只会被调用一次或两次。重点是节省代码复制和人为错误,因为我实际想要使用此代码的结构要大得多。
如果您不关心性能,那么使用简单的内省就可以了,并且在您的情况下非常简单:
function copy_with_modification1(original::T, field_to_change, new_value) where {T}
val(field) = field==field_to_change ? new_value : getfield(original, field)
T(val.(fieldnames(T))...)
end
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例如,它产生以下结果:
julia> struct Person
name::Symbol
age::Int
end
julia> p = Person(:Joe, 42)
Person(:Joe, 42)
julia> using BenchmarkTools
julia> @btime copy_with_modification1($p, :age, 43)
666.924 ns (7 allocations: 272 bytes)
Person(:Joe, 43)
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为了恢复效率,可以通过在编译时列出字段的方式来实现相同类型的技术。这是使用生成函数的示例:
# Can't have closures inside generated functions, so the helper function
# is declared outside
function val_(original, field, field_to_change, new_value)
field == field_to_change ? new_value : getfield(original, field)
end
@generated function copy_with_modification2(original, field_to_change, new_value)
# This is the "compile-time" part
T = original # here `original` refers to the type of the argument
fields = fieldnames(T) # fieldnames is called compile-time
# This is the "run-time" part
quote
# We broadcast only over `fields`, other arguments are treated as scalars
$T(val_.(Ref(original), $fields, Ref(field_to_change), Ref(new_value))...)
end
end
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现在性能好多了:
julia> @btime copy_with_modification2($p, :age, 43)
2.533 ns (0 allocations: 0 bytes)
Person(:Joe, 43)
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