如何让 numpy 在 Anaconda Python 3.7.6 中正常工作

Question

我正在尝试在 Python 中使用 NumPy。我刚刚安装了 Anaconda Python 3.7，一切似乎都很顺利。但是，我无法导入 numpy（使用该行import numpy）。当我这样做时，我收到以下错误：

    C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py:140: UserWarning: mkl-service package failed to import, therefore Intel(R) MKL initialization ensuring its correct out-of-the box operation under condition when Gnu OpenMP had already been loaded by Python process is not assured. Please install mkl-service package, see http://github.com/IntelPython/mkl-service
  from . import _distributor_init
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from . import multiarray
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\multiarray.py", line 14, in <module>
    from . import overrides
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\overrides.py", line 7, in <module>
    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 142, in <module>
    from . import core
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 54, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError:

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy c-extensions failed.
- Try uninstalling and reinstalling numpy.
- If you have already done that, then:
  1. Check that you expected to use Python3.7 from "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\python.exe",
     and that you have no directories in your PATH or PYTHONPATH that can
     interfere with the Python and numpy version "1.18.1" you're trying to use.
  2. If (1) looks fine, you can open a new issue at
     https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues.  Please include details on:
     - how you installed Python
     - how you installed numpy
     - your operating system
     - whether or not you have multiple versions of Python installed
     - if you built from source, your compiler versions and ideally a build log

- If you're working with a numpy git repository, try `git clean -xdf`
  (removes all files not under version control) and rebuild numpy.

Note: this error has many possible causes, so please don't comment on
an existing issue about this - open a new one instead.

Original error was: 
    DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

我可以在 Anaconda Navigator 的 Enviorments 选项卡中看到它，当我尝试在 Eclipse(Pydev) 中使用它时，它显示在强制内置程序下。我查看了我的 PYTHONPATH，我在 Eclipse 中的环境和我的基本 python 目录 (jsmith/anaconda3) 都在其中。我尝试导入我在强制内置函数下看到的其他库，这些库工作正常，但 numpy 似乎是唯一有问题的库。调用pip install numpy告诉我它已经安装了 1.18.1 版。我查看了这个堆栈溢出页面，并conda create -n test numpy python=3.7 --no-default-packages在 anaconda 提示符下运行了 answer( ) 中的第一个命令。这行得通，然后我意识到测试是针对该问题的，并尝试使用 base 来代替，但得到了这个错误：

CondaValueError: The target prefix is the base prefix. Aborting.

然而调用conda activate base没有任何作用。

Answer 1

正如@cel 在评论中提到的，使用卸载并重新安装 numpypip uninstall numpy并pip install numpy使其工作。