Pandas：按日期对一列进行分组并计算另一列中特定值的累计数

Question

我正在尝试根据一个日期时间列按日期对 Pandas 数据框进行分组，并在此基础上根据特定值计算另一列中特定出现的次数。假设我有这个数据框：

df = pd.DataFrame({
    "customer": [
         "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "B", "C", "C"        
    ],
    "datetime": pd.to_datetime([
        "2020-01-01 00:00:00", "2020-01-02 00:00:00", "2020-01-02 01:00:00", "2020-01-03 00:00:00", "2020-01-04 00:00:00", "2020-01-03 00:00:00", "2020-01-03 00:00:00", "2020-01-04 00:00:00"         
    ]),
    "enabled": [
      True, True, False, True, True, True, False, True            
    ]    
})

数据框如下所示：

customer    datetime                enabled
A           2020-01-01 00:00:00     True
A           2020-01-02 00:00:00     True
A           2020-01-02 01:00:00     False
A           2020-01-03 00:00:00     True
A           2020-01-04 00:00:00     True
B           2020-01-03 00:00:00     True
C           2020-01-03 00:00:00     False
C           2020-01-04 00:00:00     True

我想在每天结束时计算启用的客户数量。如果客户被启用，它会在接下来的几天内保持启用状态，除非enabled==False在稍后的一天有一行。预期输出将是：

day           count_enabled_customers
2020-01-01    1      # A
2020-01-02    0      # A has been disabled
2020-01-03    2      # A, B
2020-01-04    3      # A, B, C

有人知道如何进行此操作吗？非常感谢！

Answer 1

从您的数据框开始：

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({
    "customer": [
         "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "B", "C", "C"        
    ],
    "datetime": pd.to_datetime([
        "2020-01-01 00:00:00", "2020-01-02 00:00:00", "2020-01-02 01:00:00", "2020-01-03 00:00:00", "2020-01-04 00:00:00", "2020-01-03 00:00:00", "2020-01-03 00:00:00", "2020-01-04 00:00:00"         
    ]),
    "enabled": [
      True, True, False, True, True, True, False, True            
    ]    
})

print(df)

Out:
  customer            datetime  enabled
0        A 2020-01-01 00:00:00     True
1        A 2020-01-02 00:00:00     True
2        A 2020-01-02 01:00:00    False
3        A 2020-01-03 00:00:00     True
4        A 2020-01-04 00:00:00     True
5        B 2020-01-03 00:00:00     True
6        C 2020-01-03 00:00:00    False
7        C 2020-01-04 00:00:00     True

使用数据透视将客户作为列并将日期作为索引

a = df.pivot(index='datetime', columns='customer', values='enabled')
print(a)

Out:
customer                 A     B      C
datetime                               
2020-01-01 00:00:00   True   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 00:00:00   True   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 01:00:00  False   NaN    NaN
2020-01-03 00:00:00   True  True  False
2020-01-04 00:00:00   True   NaN   True

创建您感兴趣的日期的索引

dates = pd.date_range(df.datetime.min().date(), df.datetime.max().date() + pd.offsets.Day(1), freq='D') - pd.offsets.Second(1)
print(dates)

Out:
DatetimeIndex(['2019-12-31 23:59:59', '2020-01-01 23:59:59',
               '2020-01-02 23:59:59', '2020-01-03 23:59:59',
               '2020-01-04 23:59:59'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

将您感兴趣的日期添加到索引中并对其进行排序，以便我们填写下一步

a = a.reindex(a.index.union(dates)).sort_index()
print(a)

Out:
customer                 A     B      C
2019-12-31 23:59:59    NaN   NaN    NaN
2020-01-01 00:00:00   True   NaN    NaN
2020-01-01 23:59:59    NaN   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 00:00:00   True   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 01:00:00  False   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 23:59:59    NaN   NaN    NaN
2020-01-03 00:00:00   True  True  False
2020-01-03 23:59:59    NaN   NaN    NaN
2020-01-04 00:00:00   True   NaN   True
2020-01-04 23:59:59    NaN   NaN    NaN

将启用状态的最后一个值向前填充到未来日期

a = a.ffill()
print(a)

Out: 
customer                 A     B      C
2019-12-31 23:59:59    NaN   NaN    NaN
2020-01-01 00:00:00   True   NaN    NaN
2020-01-01 23:59:59   True   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 00:00:00   True   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 01:00:00  False   NaN    NaN
2020-01-02 23:59:59  False   NaN    NaN
2020-01-03 00:00:00   True  True  False
2020-01-03 23:59:59   True  True  False
2020-01-04 00:00:00   True  True   True
2020-01-04 23:59:59   True  True   True

代表每一天结束的时间戳的列的总和

a.loc[dates].sum(axis=1)
print(a)

Out:
2019-12-31 23:59:59    0.0
2020-01-01 23:59:59    1.0
2020-01-02 23:59:59    0.0
2020-01-03 23:59:59    2.0
2020-01-04 23:59:59    3.0
Freq: D, dtype: float64