Rust：如何限制派生特征的类型参数

Question

我正在尝试编写一个通用函数，该函数采用指向 csv 文件的 Path，解析该文件并将其反序列化为某种类型的记录向量，然后返回记录向量。

这是我的代码：

[dependencies]
csv = "1.1"
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

首先是编译良好的特定类型版本：

use csv;
use serde::Deserialize;
use std::path::Path;

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Person {
    name: String,
    fav_colour: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Car {
    make: String,
    year: u8,
}

fn main() {}

fn parse_csv(file_path: &Path) -> Vec<Person> {
    // Create the csv reader
    let mut csv_reader = csv::Reader::from_path(file_path).unwrap();

    // Parse the csv and collect records
    let records: Vec<Person> = csv_reader
        .deserialize()
        .map(|record: Result<Person, csv::Error>| {
            record.expect(&format!("There was a problem parsing a line"))
        })
        .collect();

    // Return records
    records
}

parse_csv 函数适用于具体Person结构。

我如何重写此函数，以便它接受派生 Deserialize 的泛型类型/结构，以便它可以接受Person或Car？

失败的尝试：

fn parse_csv<T>(file_path: &Path) -> Vec<T> {
    // Create the csv reader
    let mut csv_reader = csv::Reader::from_path(file_path).unwrap();

    // Parse the csv and collect records
    let records: Vec<T> = csv_reader
        .deserialize()
        .map(|record: Result<T, csv::Error>| {
            record.expect(&format!("There was a problem parsing a line"))
        })
        .collect();

    // Return records
    records
}

产生：

error[E0277]: the trait bound `for<'de> T: _::_serde::Deserialize<'de>` is not satisfied
  --> src/main.rs:26:10
   |
26 |         .map(|record: Result<T, csv::Error>| {
   |          ^^^ the trait `for<'de> _::_serde::Deserialize<'de>` is not implemented for `T`
   |
help: consider restricting this type parameter with `T: for<'de> _::_serde::Deserialize<'de>`
  --> src/main.rs:19:14
   |
19 | fn parse_csv<T>(file_path: &Path) -> Vec<T> {
   |              ^
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `_::_serde::de::DeserializeOwned` for `T`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::iter::Iterator` for `csv::reader::DeserializeRecordsIter<'_, std::fs::File, T>`

编译器提示：

help: consider restricting this type parameter with `T: for<'de> _::_serde::Deserialize<'de>`

我该如何去做呢？我对 rust 比较陌生，在阅读了 rust 书的信息traits和where条款（我怀疑这就是答案）后，我仍然无法编译它。

Answer 1

您可以按照以下方式做一些事情：

use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;

fn parse_csv<T>(file_path: &Path) -> Vec<T>
where
    T: DeserializeOwned,
{
  /// deserialization logic
}