如何从接口获取物理接口IP地址

Question

到目前为止我使用PyQt类做了什么:

all_Addresses = QNetworkInterface.allAddresses()    #list-of-QHostAddress

for addr in all_Addresses:
    print(addr.toString())

输出:

172.16.0.186 - Virtual Interface IP address
192.168.10.2 - Physical interface IP address. I want this one.
127.0.0.1

使用socket:

import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()))

输出:

172.16.0.186 - When openVPN is on
192.168.10.2 - When its off

1. 有没有办法区分它们？
2. 这可以用普通的Python来完成,而不是使用PyQt类吗？
3. 我怎样才能获得IPv6地址？

Answer 1

你应该使用netifaces.它设计为跨平台,包含适用于Windows的专用代码以及可在不同类UNIX/UNIX平台上运行的各种通用版本.

从netifaces版本0.10.0开始,支持Python3.

使用摘要

>>> from netifaces import AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_LINK, AF_PACKET, AF_BRIDGE
>>> import netifaces as ni
>>> ni.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'eth1', 'vboxnet0', 'dummy1']
>>>
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_LINK]   # NOTE: AF_LINK is an alias for AF_PACKET
[{'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'addr': '00:02:55:7b:b2:f6'}]
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_INET]
[{'broadcast': '172.16.161.7', 'netmask': '255.255.255.248', 'addr': '172.16.161.6'}]
>>>
>>> # eth0 ipv4 interface address
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_INET][0]['addr']
'172.16.161.6'
>>>>

细节

Windows支持:

大多数MS Windows安装都不需要编译器.如果您收到有关安装MS Visual C++ for Windows的警告,请务必小心,因为您需要将用于python的编译器版本与用于模块的编译器版本相匹配.

netifaces数据结构的详细示例:

>>> import netifaces as ni
>>> ni.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'eth1', 'vboxnet0', 'dummy1']
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
{
    17: [
        {
            'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff',
            'addr': '00:02:55:7b:b2:f6'
        }
    ],
    2: [
        {
            'broadcast': '172.16.161.7',
            'netmask': '255.255.255.248',
            'addr': '172.16.161.6'
        }
    ],
    10: [
        {
            'netmask': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::',
            'addr': 'fe80::202:55ff:fe7b:b2f6%eth0'
        }
    ]
}
>>> 
>>> print(ni.ifaddresses.__doc__)
Obtain information about the specified network interface.

Returns a dict whose keys are equal to the address family constants,
e.g. netifaces.AF_INET, and whose values are a list of addresses in
that family that are attached to the network interface.
>>>
>>> # for the IPv4 address of eth0
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[2][0]['addr']
'172.16.161.6'

用于索引协议的数字来自/usr/include/linux/socket.h(在Linux中)... 编辑:我的3.2内核在这里有它们:/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-4-common/include/linux/socket.h

#define AF_INET         2       /* Internet IP Protocol         */
#define AF_INET6        10      /* IP version 6                 */
#define AF_PACKET       17      /* Packet family                */

好消息是你不必记住所有那些标题常量,它们包含在netifaces中:

>>> from netifaces import AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_LINK, AF_PACKET, AF_BRIDGE
>>> import netifaces as ni

Answer 2

使用Linux SIOCGIFADDR ioctl查找与网络接口关联的IP地址,给定该接口的名称,例如" eth0".地址以包含点分四边形的字符串形式返回.

import socket
import fcntl
import struct

def get_ip_address(ifname):
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
        s.fileno(),
        0x8915,  # SIOCGIFADDR
        struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
    )[20:24])

>>> get_ip_address('lo')
'127.0.0.1'

>>> get_ip_address('eth0')
'38.113.228.130'

更多

Answer 3

我用这个解决方案.实际上它有点棘手,它只适用于linux系列.

import commands
intf = 'eth0'
intf_ip = commands.getoutput("ip address show dev " + intf).split()
intf_ip = intf_ip[intf_ip.index('inet') + 1].split('/')[0]
print intf_ip

这些代码利用iplinux家庭操作系统上的命令.它将ip命令的输出分开,只获取那些接口的IPv4地址.您可以将值更改intf为eth1或p2p1.