Cli*_*ton 32 c++ optimization move-semantics return-value-optimization c++11
可以说我们有以下代码:
std::vector<int> f()
{
std::vector<int> y;
...
return y;
}
std::vector<int> x = ...
x = f();
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看来编译器有两种方法:
(a)NRVO:Destruct x,然后构造f()代替x.
(b)移动:在temp空间中构造f(),将f()移动到x,destruct f().
根据标准,编译器是否可以自由使用这两种方法?
How*_*ant 41
编译器可以NRVO进入临时空间,或将构造移动到临时空间.从那里它将移动分配x.
更新:
任何时候你都试图用rvalue引用进行优化,并且你对结果没有好处,那么创建一个跟踪其状态的示例类:
并通过测试运行该课程.例如:
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
class A
{
int state_;
public:
enum {destructed = -2, moved_from, default_constructed};
A() : state_(default_constructed) {}
A(const A& a) : state_(a.state_) {}
A& operator=(const A& a) {state_ = a.state_; return *this;}
A(A&& a) : state_(a.state_) {a.state_ = moved_from;}
A& operator=(A&& a)
{state_ = a.state_; a.state_ = moved_from; return *this;}
~A() {state_ = destructed;}
explicit A(int s) : state_(s) {assert(state_ > default_constructed);}
friend
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const A& a)
{
switch (a.state_)
{
case A::destructed:
os << "A is destructed\n";
break;
case A::moved_from:
os << "A is moved from\n";
break;
case A::default_constructed:
os << "A is default constructed\n";
break;
default:
os << "A = " << a.state_ << '\n';
break;
}
return os;
}
friend bool operator==(const A& x, const A& y)
{return x.state_ == y.state_;}
friend bool operator<(const A& x, const A& y)
{return x.state_ < y.state_;}
};
A&& f()
{
A y;
return std::move(y);
}
int main()
{
A a = f();
std::cout << a;
}
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如果有帮助,请将print语句放在您感兴趣的特殊成员中(例如复制构造函数,移动构造函数等).
顺便说一下,如果这个段落错误,请不要担心.它也是我的错误.因此,这种特殊设计(返回对局部变量的右值引用)并不是一个好的设计.在您的系统上,它可能会打印出"A is destructed"而不是segfaulting.这将是您不想这样做的另一个迹象.
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