如何对返回实时数据的函数进行单元测试

Ris*_*are 5 android unit-testing android-livedata android-viewmodel kotlin-coroutines

在我的 viewModel 中,我有一个返回 liveData 的函数。这个函数在片段中被直接调用,因此它在那里被直接观察到。我不知道如何测试这个函数,因为在测试的情况下没有观察到函数发出的 liveData,因此它不会返回值。

这是我的功能,我想为以下内容编写测试:

    fun saveRating(rating: Float, eventName: String): LiveData<Response<SaveRatingData?>?> {
        val request = RatingRequest(rating.toDouble(), eventName, false)

        return liveData(viewModelScope.coroutineContext + Dispatchers.IO) {
            emit(repository.saveRatings(request))
        }

    }
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这就是我在片段中调用它的方式:

   viewModel.saveRating(rating, npsEventData?.eventName ?: "").observe(this, Observer {
      // on getting data
   })
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提前致谢!

Thr*_*ian 4

您需要有一个 testCoroutineDispatcher 或 testCoroutineScope 才能将 viewModel 的范围设置为测试范围。

class TestCoroutineRule : TestRule {

    private val testCoroutineDispatcher = TestCoroutineDispatcher()

    val testCoroutineScope = TestCoroutineScope(testCoroutineDispatcher)

    override fun apply(base: Statement, description: Description?) = object : Statement() {

        @Throws(Throwable::class)
        override fun evaluate() {

            Dispatchers.setMain(testCoroutineDispatcher)

            base.evaluate()

            Dispatchers.resetMain()
            try {
                testCoroutineScope.cleanupTestCoroutines()
            } catch (exception: Exception) {
                exception.printStackTrace()
            }
        }
    }

    fun runBlockingTest(block: suspend TestCoroutineScope.() -> Unit) =
        testCoroutineScope.runBlockingTest { block() }

}
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任何官方 kotlin 或 Android 文档中都没有提到 Try-catch 块,但测试异常会导致异常,而不是像我在此处询问的那样通过测试。

我在 testCoroutineDispatcher 中经历的另一件事是,调度程序不足以让某些测试通过,您需要将 coroutineScope 而不是调度程序注入到 viewModel 中。

例如

fun throwExceptionInAScope(coroutineContext: CoroutineContext) {


    viewModelScope.launch(coroutineContext) {

        delay(2000)
        throw RuntimeException("Exception Occurred")
    }
}
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您有一个像这样的函数会抛出异常,并且您将 testCoroutineContext 传递给该测试,但它失败了。

@Test(expected = RuntimeException::class)
fun `Test function that throws exception`() =
    testCoroutineDispatcher.runBlockingTest {

        //  Using testCoroutineDispatcher causes this test to FAIL
        viewModel.throwExceptionInAScope(testCoroutineDispatcher.coroutineContext)

        //  This one passes since we use context of current coroutineScope
        viewModel.throwExceptionInAScope(this.coroutineContext)

    }
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如果你使用类它就会通过MyViewModel(private val coroutineScope: CoroutineScope)

现在,让我们了解如何使用异步任务测试 liveData。我使用这个类,Google 的LiveDataTestUtil类,用于同步liveData

@get:Rule
var instantTaskExecutorRule = InstantTaskExecutorRule()
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作为规则

fun <T> LiveData<T>.getOrAwaitValue(
    time: Long = 2,
    timeUnit: TimeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS,
    afterObserve: () -> Unit = {}
): T {
    var data: T? = null
    val latch = CountDownLatch(1)
    val observer = object : Observer<T> {
        override fun onChanged(o: T?) {
            data = o
            latch.countDown()
            this@getOrAwaitValue.removeObserver(this)
        }
    }
    this.observeForever(observer)

    afterObserve.invoke()

    // Don't wait indefinitely if the LiveData is not set.
    if (!latch.await(time, timeUnit)) {
        this.removeObserver(observer)
        throw TimeoutException("LiveData value was never set.")
    }

    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    return data as T
}

/**
 * Observes a [LiveData] until the `block` is done executing.
 */
fun <T> LiveData<T>.observeForTesting(block: () -> Unit) {
    val observer = Observer<T> { }
    try {
        observeForever(observer)
        block()
    } finally {
        removeObserver(observer)
    }
}
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现在,您可以像测试同步代码一样测试它

@Test
fun `Given repo saves response, it should return the correct one` = testCoroutineScope.runBlockingTest {

        // GIVEN
        val repository = mockk<<Repository>()
        val actual = Response(...)
        coEvery { repository.saveRatings } returns actual

        // WHEN
        val expected = viewModel.saveResponse()

        // THEN
        Truth.assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected)

    }
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我使用了mockK,它对于暂停模拟效果很好。

另外,如果您有改造或房间函数调用,则不需要使用,Dispatchers.IO如果您不执行改造或房间操作之外的其他任务,它们将使用自己的带有挂起修饰符的线程。