Ulr*_*ter 4 haskell predicate conditional-statements io-monad
对于某些文件操作,我需要检查文件是否存在,是否已被修改,然后才对其进行一些操作。我的新手 Haskell 代码如下(简化):
someFileOp ::FileContents -> FilePath -> IO (FileOpResult)
someFileOp contents absFilePath = do
fileExists <- DIR.doesFileExist absFilePath
if fileExists
then do
isMod <- isModified contents absFilePath
if isMod
then return FileModified
else return $ doSomethingWithFile
else return FileNotFound
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它确实有效。但是,嵌套的 if 表达式在我看来是错误的- 不像 FP。检查 IO 中的几个布尔条件然后根据它们的结果采取一些行动的惯用方法是什么?
忽略 Daniel 在比赛中的优点以及为什么通常不检查文件的原因,更多的 Haskell 解决方案通常是一个 monad 转换器。这是一个典型的例子,其中 ExtT 变压器有意义。我还包括了 ContT 的(错误)使用,以防您好奇并想探索:
import System.Directory as DIR
import Control.Monad.Trans.Cont
import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.IO.Class
import Control.Monad.Trans.Except
isModified :: a -> b -> IO Bool
isModified _ _ = pure False
type FileOpResult = Either String String
someFileOp_cont :: String -> FilePath -> IO FileOpResult
someFileOp_cont contents absFilePath = evalContT $ callCC $ \exit -> do
fileExists <- liftIO $ DIR.doesFileExist absFilePath
unless fileExists (exit (Left "FileNotFound"))
isMod <- liftIO $ isModified contents absFilePath
when isMod (exit (Left "FileModified"))
return (Right "doSomethingWithFile")
someFileOp_except :: String -> FilePath -> IO FileOpResult
someFileOp_except contents absFilePath = runExceptT $ do
fileExists <- liftIO $ DIR.doesFileExist absFilePath
unless fileExists (throwE "FileNotFound")
isMod <- liftIO $ isModified contents absFilePath
when isMod (throwE "FileModified")
return "doSomethingWithFile"
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我会使用whenM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m () -> m()or ifM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m a -> m a -> m a,例如extra:
-- | Like 'when', but where the test can be monadic.
whenM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m () -> m ()
whenM mb mt = mb >>= \b ->
if b
then mt
else return ()
-- | Like @if@, but where the test can be monadic.
ifM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m a -> m a -> m a
ifM mb mt me = mb >>= \b ->
if b
then mt
else me
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