在 Jupyter 笔记本上导入 Xgboost 时遇到这个简单的问题

Question

在我导入 Xgboost 之前，一切在 Jupyter 笔记本中运行良好。一旦我导入它，我就会遇到下面的问题。我有 Python 3.8 并通过终端 pip3 方法安装了它，接下来我该怎么做？

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
XGBoostError                              Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-17-a81e4513ce38> in <module>
      1 # Let's Learn about the stock market using XGBOOST
      2 
----> 3 import xgboost as xgb

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xgboost/__init__.py in <module>
      9 import warnings
     10 
---> 11 from .core import DMatrix, DeviceQuantileDMatrix, Booster
     12 from .training import train, cv
     13 from . import rabit  # noqa

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xgboost/core.py in <module>
    173 
    174 # load the XGBoost library globally
--> 175 _LIB = _load_lib()
    176 
    177 

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xgboost/core.py in _load_lib()
    156     if not lib_success:
    157         libname = os.path.basename(lib_paths[0])
--> 158         raise XGBoostError(
    159             'XGBoost Library ({}) could not be loaded.\n'.format(libname) +
    160             'Likely causes:\n' +

XGBoostError: XGBoost Library (libxgboost.dylib) could not be loaded.
Likely causes:
  * OpenMP runtime is not installed (vcomp140.dll or libgomp-1.dll for Windows, 
       libomp.dylib for Mac OSX, libgomp.so for Linux and other UNIX-like OSes). 
       Mac OSX users: Run `brew install libomp` to install OpenMP runtime.
  * You are running 32-bit Python on a 64-bit OS
Error message(s): ['dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xgboost/lib/libxgboost.dylib, 6): Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib\n  Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xgboost/lib/libxgboost.dylib\n  Reason: image not found']

Answer 1

我通过为 Mac OSX 安装 libomp.dylib 解决了这个问题。答案一直都在。

您可以通过运行以下命令来完成：

brew install libomp

Answer 2

对于 Mac OSX，只需运行“brew install libomp”

Answer 3

如果你使用anaconda，你可以使用：

conda install py-xgboost

Answer 4

原因是 xgboost 正在以下位置寻找动态库，而这不是它可能安装的位置。

Reason: tried: '/libomp.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/opt/libomp/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file), '/libomp.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/michaeltu/third-party/lib/libomp.dylib' (no such file)"]

首先，brew install libomp如果您还没有这样做。

之后，检查brew安装库的位置。

$ brew info libomp
libomp: stable 12.0.0 (bottled)
LLVM's OpenMP runtime library
https://openmp.llvm.org/
/opt/brew/Cellar/libomp/12.0.0 (9 files, 1.5MB) *

我们看到它安装在这里：

$ ls /opt/brew/Cellar/libomp/12.0.0/lib/
libomp.a    libomp.dylib

制作一个 simlink（基于您安装的 libomp 版本）：

$ mkdir -p /usr/local/opt/libomp/
$ ln -s /opt/brew/Cellar/libomp/12.0.0/lib /usr/local/opt/libomp/lib

尝试再次导入。这能够解决我的问题。