在 macOS 上使用 clang++ 在 Visual Studio Code 中编译多个 .cpp 文件

Question

我正在尝试在 macOS 上使用 clang++ 构建一个包含多个 *.cpp 文件的简单项目。

任务.json：

    {
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "clang++ build active file",
            "command": "/usr/bin/clang++",
            "args": [
                "-std=c++17",
                "-Wall",
                "-Wextra",
                "-Weffc++",
                "-Wconversion",
                "-pedantic-errors",
                "-stdlib=libc++",
                "-g",
                "${workspaceFolder}/*.cpp",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

结果命令如下所示：

/usr/bin/clang++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Weffc++ -Wconversion -pedantic-errors -stdlib=libc++ -g '/Users/USER/Developer/WORKINGDIR/Lesson 2/Lesson 2.8/*.cpp' -o '/Users/USER/Developer/WORKINGDIR/Lesson 2/Lesson 2.8/main' 

但编译器会抛出错误：

clang: error: no such file or directory: '/Users/USER/Developer/WORKINGDIR/Lesson 2/Lesson 2.8/*.cpp'

但是如果我更改指向文件的字符串：

'/Users/USER/Developer/WORKINGDIR/Lesson 2/Lesson 2.8/*.cpp'

对此（不带引号并添加“\”）：

/Users/USER/Developer/WORKINGDIR/Lesson\ 2/Lesson\ 2.8/*.cpp

一切编译都很好。

但是如何在tasks.json 中配置相同的字符串呢？或者我应该在那里更改什么才能使其正常工作？

Answer 1

兄弟！

最重要的建议是，建议您不要在目录或文件名中使用空格。

您的多源文件架构是这样的：

fitBodyBootCamp

|

|_.vscode

|     |__c_cpp_properties.json

|     |__launch.json

|     |__settings.json

|     |__tasks.json

|__test.cpp

|__test.h

|__testImp.cpp

如果是这样，则这是一个在同一文件夹下具有多个源文件的项目。

你的“ tasks.json”应该是：

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "label": "Compile With clang++",
      //"command": "clang++",/usr/bin/clang++
      "command": "/usr/bin/clang++",
      "args": [
        "-std=c++11",
        "-stdlib=libc++",
        // My project fitBodyBootCamp were under 
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyBootCamp
        // So ${workspcaeFolder} also were
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyBootCamp
        // all the *.cpp files were under
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyBootCamp
        "${workspaceFolder}/*.cpp", // Have changed
        "-o",
        // Thanks those chiense website bloggers!
        // 1.mac vscode compile c++ multi-directory code demo
        // https://blog.csdn.net/fangfengzhen115/article/details/121496770?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2~default~baidujs_baidulandingword~default-4.pc_relevant_default&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242.3&utm_relevant_index=7
        // 2.Compile and debug c++ multi-folder project under VSCode (non-makefile)
        // https://blog.csdn.net/BaiRuichang/article/details/106463035
        // I also put the main.o under my current workspace directory
        // This after "-o"  is the target file test.o or test.out or test
        "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", // Have changed
        "-I",
        // This after "-I" if the include files directory
        "${workspaceFolder}", // Have changed
        "-Wall",
        "-g"
      ],
      "options": {
        // "cwd" is the source files directory
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}" // Have changed
      },
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      }
    }
  ]
}

如果您使用gcc/g++，只需将 更改clang/clang++为这些即可。

如果此行代码需要更改或运行，我添加注释

” // Have changed“。只是注意到那行代码！请！

》tasks.json：你知道吗，那就是《tasks.json》！！！不是 ” task.json”。

更多关于“ launch.json”或“ c_cpp_properties.json”或

” settings.json“，

请参考GitHub Gist 中的手动使用多个 CXX 相同文件夹VSCode(mac)，

或者，参考Github 上的手动使用多个 CXX 相同文件夹VSCode(mac)。

或者你的多源文件架构如下：

fitBody

|

|_.vscode

|     |__c_cpp_properties.json

|     |__launch.json

|     |__settings.json

|     |__tasks.json

|__build

|__inc

|     |__fitbody.h

|__src

     |__fitbody.cpp
 
     |__main.cpp

如果是这样，那就是分离了多个源文件。

你的“ tasks.json”就像这样：

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "label": "Compile With clang++",
      // Just use clang compiler
      //"command": "clang++",/usr/bin/clang++
      "command": "/usr/bin/clang++", // Have changed
      "args": [
        "-std=c++11",
        "-stdlib=libc++",
        // My project fitBodyBootCamp were under 
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody
        // So ${workspcaeFolder} also were
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody
        // all the *.cpp files were under
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody/src
        // this is the source files diretory
        "${workspaceFolder}/src/*.cpp", // Have changed
        "-o",
        // Thanks those chiense website bloggers!
        // 1.mac vscode compile c++ multi-directory code demo
        // https://blog.csdn.net/fangfengzhen115/article/details/121496770?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2~default~baidujs_baidulandingword~default-4.pc_relevant_default&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242.3&utm_relevant_index=7
        // 2.Compile and debug c++ multi-folder project under VSCode (non-makefile)
        // https://blog.csdn.net/BaiRuichang/article/details/106463035
        // I also put the main.o under my build folder directory ../build
        // This after "-o"  is the target file main.o or main.out or main
        "${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", // Have changed
        "-I",
        // This is include directory.
        "${workspaceFolder}/inc", // Have changed
        "-Wall",
        "-g"
      ],
      "options": {
        // "cwd" is the source files directory
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/src" // Have changed
      },
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      }
    }
  ]
}

更多关于“ launch.json”或“ c_cpp_properties.json”或

” settings.json“，

请参考GitHub Gist 中的手动分离多个 CXX VScode(mac)。

或者，参考GitHub 上的“手动分离多个 CXX VScode(mac)”。

结尾！

Answer 2

不要复杂化tasks.json。最好使用诸如 CMake 之类的东西来处理所有这些配置（C++ 版本、编译标志和警告等）并仅调用make（或ninja或您使用 CMake 选择的任何其他生成器）。

然后，在tasks.json“选项”中的“cwd”值将指向构建文件夹（运行 CMake 命令的文件夹）而不是源文件夹，“args”将是 CMake 中目标的名称（或空）如果你想构建所有目标），“命令”将是“/usr/bin/ninja”或“/usr/bin/make”之类的东西，具体取决于你在 CMake 中选择的生成器。

这还有一个优点，即其他人可以从中受益（或者为您创建这个），无论他们的编辑是谁。

您正在使用的标志的可能CMakeLists.txt文件类似于

project(TheProjectName)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED YES)

add_compile_options(-Wall)
add_compile_options(-Wextra)
add_compile_options(-pedantic-errors)
add_compile_options(-Weffc++)
add_compile_options(-Wconversion)
add_compile_options(-stdlib=libc++)

# This is the executable target "main" is the name of the executable
# and you can change to something else
add_executable(main main.cpp
  other_file.h
  other_file.cpp
  some_other_file.h
  some_other_file.cpp
  )

-g中未设置指定调试版本的选项CMakeLists.txt。相反，当您运行时，cmake您将其构建类型设置为Debug.

要使用此CMakeLists.txt文件，请build在工作区文件夹中创建一个文件夹并在终端中转到它。然后运行该命令 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug一次。make之后，您可以仅从该文件夹编译项目build。设置此项tasks.json只是将“cwd”设置为指向${workspaceFolder}/build并将命令设置为/usr/bin/make。

最后一点，如果您同时安装了 clang 和 gcc，那么当您运行时cmake它可能会使用 gcc 而不是 clang。要专门针对 clang 运行cmake命令，指定 CXX 和 CC 环境变量以指向 clang。也就是说，cmake 命令应该运行（从构建文件夹一次）：

CXX=clang++ CC=clang cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug