如何将 VSCode 中的 C/C++ 配置与任务和启动配置结合在一起?

Nic*_*ier 5 c++ visual-studio-code

一般来说,项目有多种构建风格(尤其是开发),例如调试和发布,并且某些项目还允许跨平台配置。例如,Visual Studio 称之为“平台”(Win32/x&4...)和“配置”,在 QtCreator 中,它是 Kit(工具链)和 Configuration(调试/发布)的组合,而 VSCode C++ 扩展则调用此 Configuration。

我的问题是,虽然可以通过命令查询当前选择的配置,但我找不到在tasks.json或launch.json文件中使用特定于配置的变量的方法。我只能查询配置名称。

作为示例,这是一个示例 C/C++ 属性文件:

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-10.0.0:debug",
            "compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-10.0.0/debug/compile_commands.json",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17"
        },
        {
            "name": "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-10.0.0:final",
            "compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-10.0.0/final/compile_commands.json",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17"
        },
        {
            "name": "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-11.0.0:debug",
            "compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-11.0.0/debug/compile_commands.json",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17"
        },
        {
            "name": "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-11.0.0:final",
            "compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-11.0.0/final/compile_commands.json",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17"
        }
    ]
}
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这使我能够在配置之间进行选择并获得完美的代码完成。对于构建,我可以依赖配置名称:

{
  "tasks": [
    {
      "label": "build",
      "type": "process",
      "command": ["/usr/bin/python3"],
      "args": ["waf", "--tests", "build:${command:cpptools.activeConfigName}"],
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      }
    }
  ]
}
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因此,每当我键入时,Ctrl+Shift+B它都会自动构建当前配置,因为该任务会将当前配置传递给构建系统。为此,配置必须与构建系统的配置名称相匹配。

不幸的是,沟通似乎就到此为止了。特别是当我想添加调试目标时:

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "???? configuration dependent path",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "MIMode": "gdb (actually also configuration dependent)",
        }
    ]
}
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我似乎无法以任何方式从配置中检索可执行文件名称;我注意到可以在 launch.json 文件(linux、osx、windows)中添加特定于主机的配置,但我需要的实际上是特定于目标的部分。

还有其他我忽略的方法吗?我使用的所有其他工具都使调试(和构建)变量在某种程度上依赖于当前选择的配置。我当然可以添加许多启动配置,但这对用户不太友好(例如,当前选择的配置和启动配置之间可能不匹配)

理想情况下,启动配置应如下所示:

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${cpptools.currentConfiguration.OutputName}",
        }
    ]
}
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或者:

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-10.0.0:debug": {
              "program": "path/to/clang10/debug/exe"
            },
            "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-10.0.0:final": {
              "program": "path/to/clang10/final/exe"
            },
            "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-11.0.0:debug": {
              "program": "path/to/clang11/debug/exe"
            },
            "linux_gnu_amd64-clang_amd64-11.0.0:final": {
              "program": "path/to/clang11/final/exe"
            },
        }
    ]
}
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Nic*_*ier 2

微软善意地接受了拉取请求以允许这样做。在下一个版本中,将可以存储customConfigurationVariables在属性文件中并launch.json使用tasks.json命令cpptools.activeConfigCustomVariable查询它们

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Debug",
            "customConfigurationVariables": {
                "OutDir": "${workspaceFolder}/Debug"
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "Release",
            "customConfigurationVariables": {
                "OutDir": "${workspaceFolder}/Release"
            }
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}
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并在启动(或任务)中:

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${input:OutDir}/a.out",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb"
        }
    ],
    "inputs": [
        {
            "id": "OutDir",
            "type": "command",
            "command": "cpptools.activeConfigCustomVariable",
            "args": "OutDir"
        }
    ]
}
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