Tom*_*zky 3 c++ string gcc templates stl
我需要写一个模板函数replace_all在C++中,这将需要一个字符串,wstring的,glibmm :: ustring等,并更换所有出现search在subject用replace.
replace_all.cc
template < class T >
T replace_all(
T const &search,
T const &replace,
T const &subject
) {
T result;
typename T::size_type done = 0;
typename T::size_type pos;
while ((pos = subject.find(search, done)) != T::npos) {
result.append (subject, done, pos - done);
result.append (replace);
done = pos + search.size ();
}
result.append(subject, done, subject.max_size());
return result;
}
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test.cc
#include <iostream>
template < class T >
T replace_all(
T const &search,
T const &replace,
T const &subject
);
// #include "replace_all.cc"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string const a = "foo bar fee boor foo barfoo b";
cout << replace_all<string>("foo", "damn", a) << endl;
return 0;
}
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当我尝试使用gcc 4.1.2编译它时
g++ -W -Wall -c replace_all.cc
g++ -W -Wall -c test.cc
g++ test.o replace_all.o
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我明白了:
test.o: In function `main':
test.cc:(.text+0x13b): undefined reference to `
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >
replace_all< std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >(
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&,
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&,
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&
)
'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
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但是当我#include "replace_all.cc"在test.cc中取消注释并以这种方式编译时:
g++ -W -Wall test.cc
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该程序链接并产生预期的输出:
damn bar fee boor damn bardamn b
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为什么链接失败,我该怎么做才能使它工作?
您无法链接模板,因为编译器在尝试使用(实例化)模板之前不知道要生成哪些代码.
如果您知道要使用哪种类型或者您知道它们是有限的,您可以"询问"编译器实例化模板.
如果你想 - 把它放到你的.cc文件中:
template std::string replace_all( std::string const& search,
std::string const& replace,
std::string const& subject );
template glibmm::ustring replace_all( glibmm::ustring const& search,
glibmm::ustring const& replace,
glibmm::ustring const& subject );
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