如何在 macOS 上的 SwiftUI 中检测键盘事件？

Question

如何在 macOS 上的 SwiftUI 视图中检测键盘事件？

我希望能够使用击键来控制特定屏幕上的项目，但不清楚如何检测键盘事件，这通常是通过覆盖keyDown(_ event: NSEvent)in来完成的NSView。

Answer 1

与 Xcode 12 捆绑在一起的 SwiftUI 中的新功能是经过commands修改的，它允许我们使用keyboardShortcut视图修饰符声明键输入。然后，您需要某种方式将关键输入转发到您的子视图。下面是一个使用 a 的解决方案Subject，但由于它不是引用类型，因此不能使用environmentObject它传递- 这正是我们想要做的，所以我做了一个小包装器，符合ObservableObject并为方便Subject本身（通过 转发subject）。

使用一些额外的便利糖方法，我可以这样写：

.commands {
    CommandMenu("Input") {
        keyInput(.leftArrow)
        keyInput(.rightArrow)
        keyInput(.upArrow)
        keyInput(.downArrow)
        keyInput(.space)
    }
}

并将关键输入转发给所有子视图，如下所示：

.environmentObject(keyInputSubject)

然后是一个子视图，这里GameView可以用 收听事件onReceive，如下所示：

struct GameView: View {
    
    @EnvironmentObject private var keyInputSubjectWrapper: KeyInputSubjectWrapper
    @StateObject var game: Game
        
    var body: some View {
        HStack {
            board
            info
        }.onReceive(keyInputSubjectWrapper) {
            game.keyInput($0)
        }
    }
}

keyInput用于在CommandMenubuilder 中声明键的方法是这样的：

private extension ItsRainingPolygonsApp {
    func keyInput(_ key: KeyEquivalent, modifiers: EventModifiers = .none) -> some View {
        keyboardShortcut(key, sender: keyInputSubject, modifiers: modifiers)
    }
}

完整代码

extension KeyEquivalent: Equatable {
    public static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {
        lhs.character == rhs.character
    }
}

public typealias KeyInputSubject = PassthroughSubject<KeyEquivalent, Never>

public final class KeyInputSubjectWrapper: ObservableObject, Subject {
    public func send(_ value: Output) {
        objectWillChange.send(value)
    }
    
    public func send(completion: Subscribers.Completion<Failure>) {
        objectWillChange.send(completion: completion)
    }
    
    public func send(subscription: Subscription) {
        objectWillChange.send(subscription: subscription)
    }
    

    public typealias ObjectWillChangePublisher = KeyInputSubject
    public let objectWillChange: ObjectWillChangePublisher
    public init(subject: ObjectWillChangePublisher = .init()) {
        objectWillChange = subject
    }
}

// MARK: Publisher Conformance
public extension KeyInputSubjectWrapper {
    typealias Output = KeyInputSubject.Output
    typealias Failure = KeyInputSubject.Failure
    
    func receive<S>(subscriber: S) where S : Subscriber, S.Failure == Failure, S.Input == Output {
        objectWillChange.receive(subscriber: subscriber)
    }
}
    

@main
struct ItsRainingPolygonsApp: App {
    
    private let keyInputSubject = KeyInputSubjectWrapper()
    
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            
            #if os(macOS)
            ContentView()
                .frame(idealWidth: .infinity, idealHeight: .infinity)
                .onReceive(keyInputSubject) {
                    print("Key pressed: \($0)")
                }
                .environmentObject(keyInputSubject)
            #else
            ContentView()
            #endif
        }
        .commands {
            CommandMenu("Input") {
                keyInput(.leftArrow)
                keyInput(.rightArrow)
                keyInput(.upArrow)
                keyInput(.downArrow)
                keyInput(.space)
            }
        }
    }
}

private extension ItsRainingPolygonsApp {
    func keyInput(_ key: KeyEquivalent, modifiers: EventModifiers = .none) -> some View {
        keyboardShortcut(key, sender: keyInputSubject, modifiers: modifiers)
    }
}

public func keyboardShortcut<Sender, Label>(
    _ key: KeyEquivalent,
    sender: Sender,
    modifiers: EventModifiers = .none,
    @ViewBuilder label: () -> Label
) -> some View where Label: View, Sender: Subject, Sender.Output == KeyEquivalent {
    Button(action: { sender.send(key) }, label: label)
        .keyboardShortcut(key, modifiers: modifiers)
}


public func keyboardShortcut<Sender>(
    _ key: KeyEquivalent,
    sender: Sender,
    modifiers: EventModifiers = .none
) -> some View where Sender: Subject, Sender.Output == KeyEquivalent {
    
    guard let nameFromKey = key.name else {
        return AnyView(EmptyView())
    }
    return AnyView(keyboardShortcut(key, sender: sender, modifiers: modifiers) {
        Text("\(nameFromKey)")
    })
}


extension KeyEquivalent {
    var lowerCaseName: String? {
        switch self {
        case .space: return "space"
        case .clear: return "clear"
        case .delete: return "delete"
        case .deleteForward: return "delete forward"
        case .downArrow: return "down arrow"
        case .end: return "end"
        case .escape: return "escape"
        case .home: return "home"
        case .leftArrow: return "left arrow"
        case .pageDown: return "page down"
        case .pageUp: return "page up"
        case .return: return "return"
        case .rightArrow: return "right arrow"
        case .space: return "space"
        case .tab: return "tab"
        case .upArrow: return "up arrow"
        default: return nil
        }
    }
    
    var name: String? {
        lowerCaseName?.capitalizingFirstLetter()
    }
}

public extension EventModifiers {
    static let none = Self()
}

extension String {
    func capitalizingFirstLetter() -> String {
      return prefix(1).uppercased() + self.lowercased().dropFirst()
    }

    mutating func capitalizeFirstLetter() {
      self = self.capitalizingFirstLetter()
    }
}

extension KeyEquivalent: CustomStringConvertible {
    public var description: String {
        name ?? "\(character)"
    }
}

Answer 2

到目前为止，还没有内置的原生 SwiftUI API。

这里只是一个可能的方法的演示。使用 Xcode 11.4 / macOS 10.15.4 测试

struct KeyEventHandling: NSViewRepresentable {
    class KeyView: NSView {
        override var acceptsFirstResponder: Bool { true }
        override func keyDown(with event: NSEvent) {
            print(">> key \(event.charactersIgnoringModifiers ?? "")")
        }
    }

    func makeNSView(context: Context) -> NSView {
        let view = KeyView()
        DispatchQueue.main.async { // wait till next event cycle
            view.window?.makeFirstResponder(view)
        }
        return view
    }

    func updateNSView(_ nsView: NSView, context: Context) {
    }
}

struct TestKeyboardEventHandling: View {
    var body: some View {
        Text("Hello, World!")
            .background(KeyEventHandling())
    }
}

输出：

Answer 3

还有另一种解决方案，非常简单，但仅适用于特定类型的密钥 - 您必须进行试验。只需Buttons使用.keyboardShortcut修改器创建，但在视觉上隐藏它们。

Group {
    Button(action: { goAway() }) {}
        .keyboardShortcut(.escape, modifiers: [])
    Button(action: { goLeft() }) {}
        .keyboardShortcut(.upArrow, modifiers: [])
    Button(action: { goDown() }) {}
        .keyboardShortcut(.downArrow, modifiers: [])
}.opacity(0)