在 django 表单集中动态添加行
Rah*_*rma 7 javascript python django django-forms formset
在我的 django 应用程序中，我有两个模型，即Player和Team，它们通过多对多关系连接。要在我的表格中动态添加数据，我想使用 javascript 在我的表单中添加Add row或Remove Row按钮，但无法这样做。
详细信息如下：
模型.py
class Player(models.Model):
pname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
hscore = models.IntegerField()
age = models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.pname
class Team(models.Model):
tname = models.CharField(max_length=100)
player= models.ManyToManyField(Player)
def __str__(self):
return self.tname
表格.py
class PlayerForm(forms.Form):
pname = forms.CharField()
hscore= forms.IntegerField()
age = forms.IntegerField()
PlayerFormset= formset_factory(PlayerForm)
class TeamForm(forms.Form):
tname= forms.CharField()
player= PlayerFormset()
视图.py
def post(request):
if request.POST:
form = TeamForm(request.POST)
form.player_instances = PlayerFormset(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
team= Team()
team.tname= form.cleaned_data['tname']
team.save()
if form.player_instances.cleaned_data is not None:
for item in form.player_instances.cleaned_data:
player = Player()
player.pname= item['pname']
player.hscore= item['hscore']
player.age= item['age']
player.save()
team.player.add(player)
team.save()
else:
form = TeamForm()
return render(request, 'new.html', {'form':form})
新的.html
<html>
<head>
<title>gffdfdf</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/jquery.formset.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form id="myForm" action="" method="post" class="">
{% csrf_token %}
<h2> Team</h2>
{% for field in form %}
{{ field.errors }}
{{ field.label_tag }} : {{ field }}
{% endfor %}
{{ form.player.management_form }}
<h3> Product Instance(s)</h3>
<table id="table-product" class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>player name</th>
<th>highest score</th>
<th>age</th>
</tr>
</thead>
{% for player in form.player %}
<tbody class="player-instances">
<tr>
<td>{{ player.pname }}</td>
<td>{{ player.hscore }}</td>
<td>{{ player.age }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
{% endfor %}
</table>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">save</button>
</form>
</div>
<script>
$(function () {
$('#myForm tbody tr').formset();
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
如何使用 javascript 添加或删除多对多关系连接的行？
上面的代码为我们提供了以下信息：
为了保持简单和通用，我将 OP 的示例简化为单个模型和基本表单集，没有Team多对多Player关系。JavaScript部分的原理保持不变。如果您确实想实现多对多关系，您可以使用例如内联表单集，如此处所述。
所以，假设我们有一个简单的模型：
class Player(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
age = models.IntegerField()
我们的视图可能如下所示（基于文档中的示例）：
def my_formset_view(request):
response = None
formset_class = modelformset_factory(
model=Player, fields=('name', 'age'), extra=0, can_delete=True)
if request.method == 'POST':
formset = formset_class(data=request.POST)
if formset.is_valid():
formset.save()
response = redirect(to='my_success_view')
else:
formset = formset_class()
if response is None:
response = render(
request, 'myapp/my_formset_template.html', dict(formset=formset))
return response
下面的 django模板my_formset_template.html（跳过样板）使我们能够添加和删除表单集表单：
...
<template id="id_formset_empty_form">{{ formset.empty_form }}</template>
<form method="post" id="id_html_form" autocomplete="off">
{% csrf_token %}
<table id="id_formset_container">
{{ formset }}
</table>
<div id="id_formset_add_button" style="text-decoration: underline; cursor: pointer;">Add</div>
<input id="id_formset_submit_button" type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
...
HTML <template>元素可以轻松地从formset.empty_form.
附注：如果我们不设置autocomplete="off"，浏览器将缓存TOTAL_FORMS在管理表单上缓存该值，即使在重新加载页面后也是如此。
现在，以下 JavaScript 为我完成了这项工作（没有尝试优化，我只是试图使其易于阅读）：
window.addEventListener('load', (event) => {
// get form template and total number of forms from management form
const templateForm = document.getElementById('id_formset_empty_form');
const inputTotalForms = document.querySelector('input[id$="-TOTAL_FORMS"]');
const inputInitialForms = document.querySelector('input[id$="-INITIAL_FORMS"]');
// get our container (e.g. <table>, <ul>, or <div>) and "Add" button
const containerFormSet = document.getElementById('id_formset_container');
const buttonAdd = document.getElementById('id_formset_add_button');
const buttonSubmit = document.getElementById('id_formset_submit_button');
// event handlers
buttonAdd.onclick = addForm;
buttonSubmit.onclick = updateNameAttributes;
// form counters (note: proper form index bookkeeping is necessary
// because django's formset will create empty forms for any missing
// indices, and will discard forms with indices >= TOTAL_FORMS, which can
// lead to funny behavior in some edge cases)
const initialForms = Number(inputInitialForms.value);
let extraFormIndices = [];
let nextFormIndex = initialForms;
function addForm () {
// create DocumentFragment from template
const formFragment = templateForm.content.cloneNode(true);
// a django form is rendered as_table (default), as_ul, or as_p, so
// the fragment will contain one or more <tr>, <li>, or <p> elements,
// respectively.
for (let element of formFragment.children) {
// replace the __prefix__ placeholders from the empty form by the
// actual form index
element.innerHTML = element.innerHTML.replace(
/(?<=\w+-)(__prefix__|\d+)(?=-\w+)/g,
nextFormIndex.toString());
// add a custom attribute to simplify bookkeeping
element.dataset.formIndex = nextFormIndex.toString();
// add a delete click handler (if formset can_delete)
setDeleteHandler(element);
}
// move the fragment's children onto the DOM
// (the fragment is empty afterwards)
containerFormSet.appendChild(formFragment);
// keep track of form indices
extraFormIndices.push(nextFormIndex++);
}
function removeForm (event) {
// remove all elements with form-index matching that of the delete-input
const formIndex = event.target.dataset.formIndex;
for (let element of getFormElements(formIndex)) {
element.remove();
}
// remove form index from array
let indexIndex = extraFormIndices.indexOf(Number(formIndex));
if (indexIndex > -1) {
extraFormIndices.splice(indexIndex, 1);
}
}
function setDeleteHandler (containerElement) {
// modify DELETE checkbox in containerElement, if the checkbox exists
// (these checboxes are added by formset if can_delete)
const inputDelete = containerElement.querySelector('input[id$="-DELETE"]');
if (inputDelete) {
// duplicate the form index instead of relying on parentElement (more robust)
inputDelete.dataset.formIndex = containerElement.dataset.formIndex;
inputDelete.onclick = removeForm;
}
}
function getFormElements(index) {
// the data-form-index attribute is available as dataset.formIndex
// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto/Use_data_attributes#javascript_access
return containerFormSet.querySelectorAll('[data-form-index="' + index + '"]');
}
function updateNameAttributes (event) {
// make sure the name indices are consecutive and smaller than
// TOTAL_FORMS (the name attributes end up as dict keys on the server)
// note we do not need to update the indices in the id attributes etc.
for (let [consecutiveIndex, formIndex] of extraFormIndices.entries()) {
for (let formElement of getFormElements(formIndex)){
for (let element of formElement.querySelectorAll('input, select')) {
if ('name' in element) {
element.name = element.name.replace(
/(?<=\w+-)(__prefix__|\d+)(?=-\w+)/g,
(initialForms + consecutiveIndex).toString());
}
}
}
}
updateTotalFormCount();
}
function updateTotalFormCount (event) {
// note we could simply do initialForms + extraFormIndices.length
// to get the total form count, but that does not work if we have
// validation errors on forms that were added dynamically
const firstElement = templateForm.content.querySelector('input, select');
// select the first input or select element, then count how many ids
// with the same suffix occur in the formset container
if (firstElement) {
let suffix = firstElement.id.split('__prefix__')[1];
let selector = firstElement.tagName.toLowerCase() + '[id$="' + suffix + '"]';
let allElementsForId = containerFormSet.querySelectorAll(selector);
// update total form count
inputTotalForms.value = allElementsForId.length;
}
}
}, false);
请注意，简单地添加和删除表单集表单并不那么复杂，直到出现问题为止：上面大约一半的行与处理边缘情况有关，例如动态添加的表单验证失败。
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