ttt*_*apa 14 c++ crtp downcast undefined-behavior language-lawyer
考虑以下类:
template <class Derived>
class BaseCRTP {
private:
friend class LinkedList<Derived>;
Derived *next = nullptr;
public:
static LinkedList<Derived> instances;
BaseCRTP() {
instances.insert(static_cast<Derived *>(this));
}
virtual ~BaseCRTP() {
instances.remove(static_cast<Derived *>(this));
}
};
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struct Derived : BaseCRTP<Derived> {
int i;
Derived(int i) : i(i) {}
};
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int main() {
Derived d[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
for (const Derived &el : Derived::instances)
std::cout << el.i << std::endl;
}
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我知道,这是不确定的行为来访问的成员Derived在BaseCRTP<Derived>构造函数(或析构函数),因为Derived构造函数执行后的BaseCRTP<Derived>构造(和析构函数的其他方式)。
我的问题是:在不访问任何成员的情况下将this指针转换Derived *为将其存储在链表中是否是未定义的行为?Derived
LinkedList::insert只访问BaseCRTP::next.
使用时-fsanitize=undefined,我确实收到了static_casts的运行时错误,但我不知道它是否有效:
instances.insert(static_cast<Derived *>(this));
crt-downcast.cpp:14:26: runtime error: downcast of address 0x7ffe03417970 which does not point to an object of type 'Derived'
0x7ffe03417970: note: object is of type 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
82 7f 00 00 00 2d 93 29 f3 55 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e8 7a 41 03 fe 7f 00 00 01 00 00 00
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
vptr for 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
4
3
2
1
instances.remove(static_cast<Derived *>(this));
crt-downcast.cpp:17:26: runtime error: downcast of address 0x7ffe034179b8 which does not point to an object of type 'Derived'
0x7ffe034179b8: note: object is of type 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
fe 7f 00 00 00 2d 93 29 f3 55 00 00 a0 79 41 03 fe 7f 00 00 04 00 00 00 f3 55 00 00 08 c0 eb 51
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
vptr for 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
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此外,这是LinkedList该类的简化版本:
instances.insert(static_cast<Derived *>(this));
crt-downcast.cpp:14:26: runtime error: downcast of address 0x7ffe03417970 which does not point to an object of type 'Derived'
0x7ffe03417970: note: object is of type 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
82 7f 00 00 00 2d 93 29 f3 55 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e8 7a 41 03 fe 7f 00 00 01 00 00 00
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
vptr for 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
4
3
2
1
instances.remove(static_cast<Derived *>(this));
crt-downcast.cpp:17:26: runtime error: downcast of address 0x7ffe034179b8 which does not point to an object of type 'Derived'
0x7ffe034179b8: note: object is of type 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
fe 7f 00 00 00 2d 93 29 f3 55 00 00 a0 79 41 03 fe 7f 00 00 04 00 00 00 f3 55 00 00 08 c0 eb 51
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
vptr for 'BaseCRTP<Derived>'
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到目前为止,我还没有找到一条规则来说明它是或不是 UB,但我可以解释为什么你会看到观察到的行为。
\n在 C++ 标准中,我们有以下规则:
\n\n\n可以在构造或销毁期间调用成员函数,包括虚函数 (11.7.2)\n(11.10.2)。当从构造函数或析构函数直接或间接调用虚函数时,\n包括在类\xe2\x80\x99s非静态数据成员的构造或析构期间,并且调用所适用的对象\n是对象(称为 x)在构造或销毁时,调用的函数是 constructor\xe2\x80\x99s 或 destructor\xe2\x80\x99s 类中的最终重写器,而不是在更派生的类中重写它的函数。
\n
这基本上是说在构造过程中允许调用虚拟函数。但这些调用不得解析为更多的派生类。
\n这是通过在构建过程中简单地交换 VMT 指针而在 clang 中实现的。
\n可以在这里观察到: https: //godbolt.org/z/3Gebvv \n(或者简单地通过分析生成的程序集)
\n-fsanitize=undefined现在添加一些逻辑来查找错误/未定义的行为。例如,他们检查这样的转换是否有效。为此,他们使用由编译器更改的 VMT。
在非构造函数上下文中,不适当的 vmt 指针是未定义行为的一个很好的指示。但这也可能是消毒剂中的一个错误。
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