如何维护R(renv)项目

ral*_*lph 5 r package-management renv

我和我的同事正在 RStudio 中使用 Bookdown 编写一本书。由于我使用 ggplot 创建了很多图形,因此对其他软件包(ggplot、ggforce、gganimate 等)有很多依赖项,因此我在本书的过程中添加了 renv 来负责软件包管理。全新安装 Windows 后,我现在再次设置项目时遇到问题,因为有从 R 到版本 3.6.3 的更新并使用了软件包。

renv 项目的初始状态是 R,版本为 3.6.2,我重新安装了它。打开项目后,我运行renv::restore()以恢复所有包的环境。目前只有 nloptr 包(版本 1.2.1)有一个 bug,因为它必须从源代码构建包。

Installing minqa [1.2.4] ...
    OK (linked cache)
Installing nloptr [1.2.1] ...
    FAILED
Error installing package 'nloptr':
==================================

* installing *source* package 'nloptr' ...
** package 'nloptr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation

   **********************************************
   WARNING: this package has a configure script
         It probably needs manual configuration
   **********************************************


** libs
C:/Rtools/mingw_64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-36~1.2/include" -DNDEBUG          -O2 -Wall  -mtune=generic -c dummy.cpp -o dummy.o
C:/Rtools/mingw_64/bin/gcc  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-36~1.2/include" -DNDEBUG       -I"/x64/include"   -O2 -Wall  -std=gnu99 -mtune=generic -c init_nloptr.c -o init_nloptr.o
init_nloptr.c:35:19: fatal error: nlopt.h: No such file or directory
 #include "nlopt.h"
                   ^
compilation terminated.
make: *** [C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-36~1.2/etc/x64/Makeconf:208: init_nloptr.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'nloptr'
* removing 'C:/Users/Ralph/DOCUME~1/ML2/ml2-buch/renv/staging/1/nloptr'
Fehler: install of package 'nloptr' failed
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为了解决此错误,我通过以下方式手动安装该软件包:

packageurl <- "https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/3.7/nloptr_1.2.1.zip"
install.packages(packageurl, repos=NULL, type="binary")
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之后,所有软件包都可以安装,但现在,其中许多软件包都会显示警告package 'X' was built under R version 3.6.3

如果renv无法恢复原始状态,因为所有软件包都已因 R 更新而更改,那么它还有什么意义呢?如何正确管理 R 项目?

Kev*_*hey 4

这里的根本问题是nloptr最近更新到版本 1.2.2.1,因此 1.2.1 的二进制文件在 CRAN 上不再可用。

那么,最简​​单的解决方案就是升级到最新版本的nloptr,以便您可以访问较新的二进制文件。或者,您可以使用锁定到该特定时间点的检查点MRAN存储库,以便可以提供当天可用的二进制文件。

如果您希望能够nloptr从源安装,您可以考虑升级到renv. 您可以使用它从源renv::equip()下载编译所需的必要库nloptr(以及其他一些 R 包)。例如:

> renv::equip()
The following external software tools will be installed:

    curl-7.68.0-win32-mingw.zip
    glpk32.zip
    glpk64.zip
    local323.zip
    nlopt-2.4.2.zip
    spatial324.zip

Tools will be installed into '~/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft'.

Do you want to proceed? [y/N]: y
Retrieving 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/rstudio-buildtools/extsoft/curl-7.68.0-win32-mingw.zip' ...
    OK [downloaded 2.9 Mb in 1.5 secs]
Retrieving 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/rstudio-buildtools/extsoft/glpk32.zip' ...
    OK [downloaded 457.7 Kb in 1 secs]
Retrieving 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/rstudio-buildtools/extsoft/glpk64.zip' ...
    OK [downloaded 481.6 Kb in 1 secs]
Retrieving 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/rstudio-buildtools/extsoft/local323.zip' ...
    OK [downloaded 9.6 Mb in 2.3 secs]
Retrieving 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/rstudio-buildtools/extsoft/nlopt-2.4.2.zip' ...
    OK [downloaded 752.6 Kb in 1.2 secs]
Retrieving 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/rstudio-buildtools/extsoft/spatial324.zip' ...
    OK [downloaded 20.9 Mb in 2.6 secs]
* External software successfully updated.
The following entries will be added to ~/.R/Makevars:

    LOCAL_SOFT = C:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft
    LIB_XML = C:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft
    LOCAL_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(LOCAL_SOFT)/include"
    LOCAL_LIBS = -L"$(LOCAL_SOFT)/lib$(R_ARCH)" -L"$(LOCAL_SOFT)/lib"

These tools will be used when compiling R packages from source.

Do you want to proceed? [y/N]: y
* '~/.R/Makevars' has been updated.

> install.packages("nloptr", type = "source")
* installing *source* package 'nloptr' ...
** package 'nloptr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation

   **********************************************
   WARNING: this package has a configure script
         It probably needs manual configuration
   **********************************************


** libs

*** arch - i386
c:/Rtools/mingw_32/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/R/R-36~1.2RC/include" -DNDEBUG     -I"C:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/include"     -g -O2 -Wall -pedantic -c dummy.cpp -o dummy.o
c:/Rtools/mingw_32/bin/gcc  -I"C:/R/R-36~1.2RC/include" -DNDEBUG     -I"C:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/include"  -I"/i386/include"   -g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -c init_nloptr.c -o init_nloptr.o
c:/Rtools/mingw_32/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -shared -s -static-libgcc -o nloptr.dll tmp.def dummy.o init_nloptr.o nloptr.o -L/i386/lib -lnlopt_cxx -LC:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/lib/i386 -LC:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/lib -LC:/R/R-36~1.2RC/bin/i386 -lR
installing to C:/Users/kevin/R/win-library/3.6/00LOCK-nloptr/00new/nloptr/libs/i386

*** arch - x64
c:/Rtools/mingw_64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/R/R-36~1.2RC/include" -DNDEBUG     -I"C:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/include"     -g -O2 -Wall -pedantic -c dummy.cpp -o dummy.o
c:/Rtools/mingw_64/bin/gcc  -I"C:/R/R-36~1.2RC/include" -DNDEBUG     -I"C:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/include"  -I"/x64/include"   -g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -c init_nloptr.c -o init_nloptr.o
c:/Rtools/mingw_64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -shared -s -static-libgcc -o nloptr.dll tmp.def dummy.o init_nloptr.o nloptr.o -L/x64/lib -lnlopt_cxx -LC:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/lib/x64 -LC:/Users/kevin/AppData/Local/renv/extsoft/lib -LC:/R/R-36~1.2RC/bin/x64 -lR
installing to C:/Users/kevin/R/win-library/3.6/00LOCK-nloptr/00new/nloptr/libs/x64
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
  converting help for package 'nloptr'
    finding HTML links ... done
    auglag                                  html  
    bobyqa                                  html  
    ccsaq                                   html  
    check.derivatives                       html  
    cobyla                                  html  
    crs2lm                                  html  
    direct                                  html  
    is.nloptr                               html  
    isres                                   html  
    lbfgs                                   html  
    mlsl                                    html  
    mma                                     html  
    neldermead                              html  
    newuoa                                  html  
    nl.grad                                 html  
    nl.opts                                 html  
    nloptr-package                          html  
    nloptr                                  html  
    nloptr.get.default.options              html  
    nloptr.print.options                    html  
    print.nloptr                            html  
    sbplx                                   html  
    slsqp                                   html  
    stogo                                   html  
    tnewton                                 html  
    varmetric                               html  
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
*** arch - i386
*** arch - x64
** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
*** arch - i386
*** arch - x64
** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
* DONE (nloptr)

The downloaded source packages are in
    'C:\Users\kevin\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpW4Mr1M\downloaded_packages'
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您可以安装开发版本renv

renv::upgrade(version = "master")
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确保更新后重新启动 R 会话renv