如何通过viewModels来实现？

Question

我一直在尝试实现 LiveData 和视图模型。在这个应用程序中，屏幕上显示一个数字，我们可以加五或减一。现在早些时候我使用了viewModelProvider，但现在它已被弃用，我正在使用“by viewmodels”，但它显示了错误

fragOne.kt

class fragOne : Fragment() {
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        var binding = DataBindingUtil.inflate<FragmentFragoneBinding>(
            inflater,
            R.layout.fragment_fragone,
            container,
            false
        )

        //viewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(fragViewModel::class.java)
        // Create the observer which updates the UI.
        val viewModel: fragViewModel by **viewModels()**
        val nameObserver = Observer<Int> {
            viewModel.num.value=it

        }
        // Observe the LiveData, passing in this activity as the LifecycleOwner and the observer.
        viewModel.num.observe(viewLifecycleOwner,nameObserver)
        // setting on Click listener for add button
        binding.add.setOnClickListener()
        {

            //updateNumber()
            viewModel.num.setValue(viewModel.addFive())
        }

        // setting on on Click Listener for minus button
        binding.minus.setOnClickListener()
        {
            viewModel.num.setValue(viewModel.minusOne())
            //updateNumber()
        }


        return binding.root
    }

        // Always call the superclass so it can save the view hierarchy state
}

碎片视图模型

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel

class fragViewModel:ViewModel()
{
    val num: MutableLiveData<Int> by lazy {
        MutableLiveData<Int>()
    }
    // Initializing num=0
    init {
         num .value= 0
    }
    // Functions to add five or subtract one

    fun addFive():Int
    {
        var newNumber:Int?=num.value

        return newNumber?.plus(5)?:0
    }

     fun minusOne():Int
    {
        var newNumber:Int?=num.value

        return newNumber?.minus(1)?:0
    }
}

在fragOne中， viewModels显示错误。那么错误是什么。如果有人想要代码，请告诉我，我会将其上传到 Github

构建.gradle

    def lifecycle_version = "2.2.0"
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.2.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'
    implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:1.2.0"
    // ViewModel
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:$lifecycle_version"


}

Answer 1

由于您正在使用片段，因此还将implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:1.3.1"其添加到您的build.gradle implementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-ktx:1.2.5"

在片段中的使用

// Get a reference to the ViewModel scoped to this Fragment
val viewModel by viewModels<MyViewModel>()

// Get a reference to the ViewModel scoped to its Activity
val viewModel by activityViewModels<MyViewModel>()