如何从排名较高的特征绑定特征返回关联类型？

Question

我有一个特征，它具有反序列化关联类型的功能。然而，关联类型需要有调用者决定的生命周期，所以我有一个单独的特征，我使用更高等级的特征绑定，以便它可以在任何生命周期反序列化。

我需要使用一个返回此关联类型的闭包。

我有以下代码来做到这一点：

#![allow(unreachable_code)]

use std::marker::PhantomData;

trait Endpoint: for<'a> EndpointBody<'a> {}
trait EndpointBody<'a> {
    type Out: 'a;
    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8>;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Trait object compatible handler
trait Handler {
    fn execute(&self, raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8>;
}

/// Wraps a function for an endpoint, convertint it to a Handler
struct FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
    func: F,
    _ph: PhantomData<EP>,
}
impl<EP, F> FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
    pub fn new(func: F) -> Self {
        Self {
            func,
            _ph: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}
impl<EP, F> Handler for FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
    fn execute(&self, in_raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let body = (self.func)(in_raw_body);
        let serialized_body = unimplemented!();
        return serialized_body;
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Collection of handlers
struct Handlers(Vec<Box<dyn Handler>>);
impl Handlers {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self(vec![])
    }

    pub fn handle<EP: 'static, F>(&mut self, func: F)
    where
        EP: Endpoint,
        F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
    {
        self.0.push(Box::new(FnHandler::<EP, F>::new(func)));
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

struct MyEndpoint;
struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
    pub string: &'a str,
}
impl Endpoint for MyEndpoint {}
impl<'a> EndpointBody<'a> for MyEndpoint {
    type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;

    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8> {
        unimplemented!()
    }
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out {
        unimplemented!()
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn main() {
    let mut handlers = Handlers::new();
    handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| MyEndpointBody {
        string: "test string",
    });

    handlers.0[1].execute(&[]);
}

我认为这应该可行，但是当我检查它时，我收到一个类型错误：

error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `for<'a> <[closure@src/main.rs:92:38: 94:6] as std::ops::FnOnce<(&'a [u8],)>>::Output == <MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out`
  --> src/main.rs:92:14
   |
92 |     handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| MyEndpointBody {
   |              ^^^^^^ expected struct `MyEndpointBody`, found associated type
   |
   = note:       expected struct `MyEndpointBody<'_>`
           found associated type `<MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'_>>::Out`
   = note: consider constraining the associated type `<MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'_>>::Out` to `MyEndpointBody<'_>`
   = note: for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-03-advanced-traits.html

这很令人困惑，因为MyEndpoint::Outis a MyEndpointBody，我从闭包中返回它，但 Rust 认为它们不是同一类型。我猜这是因为 Rust 为该MyEndpointBody类型选择了不兼容的匿名生命周期，但我不知道如何解决这个问题。

我怎样才能让这段代码工作，以便我可以使用一个带有 HRTB 关联类型的闭包？

Answer 1

编辑：截至 2024 年 1 月，问题中的示例编译成功。它还可以使用 GAT 来简化实施。

旧答案：

让闭包将返回类型包装在新类型中可以解决这个问题：

#![allow(unreachable_code)]

use std::marker::PhantomData;

trait Endpoint: for<'a> EndpointBody<'a> {}
trait EndpointBody<'a> {
    type Out: 'a;
    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8>;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

struct EPOut<'a, EP: Endpoint>(<EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out);

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Trait object compatible handler
trait Handler {
    fn execute(&self, raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8>;
}

/// Wraps a function for an endpoint, convertint it to a Handler
struct FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
    func: F,
    _ph: PhantomData<EP>,
}
impl<EP, F> FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
    pub fn new(func: F) -> Self {
        Self {
            func,
            _ph: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}
impl<EP, F> Handler for FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
    fn execute(&self, in_raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let body = (self.func)(in_raw_body);
        let serialized_body = unimplemented!();
        return serialized_body;
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Collection of handlers
struct Handlers(Vec<Box<dyn Handler>>);
impl Handlers {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self(vec![])
    }

    pub fn handle<EP: 'static, F>(&mut self, func: F)
    where
        EP: Endpoint,
        F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
    {
        self.0.push(Box::new(FnHandler::<EP, F>::new(func)));
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

struct MyEndpoint;
struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
    pub string: &'a str,
}
impl Endpoint for MyEndpoint {}
impl<'a> EndpointBody<'a> for MyEndpoint {
    type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;

    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8> {
        unimplemented!()
    }
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out {
        unimplemented!()
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn main() {
    let mut handlers = Handlers::new();
    handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| EPOut(MyEndpointBody {
        string: "test string",
    }));

    handlers.0[1].execute(&[]);
}

考虑到新类型应该与关联类型几乎相同，我很想说这是一个 Rust 编译器错误。似乎还有一些与使用 HRTB 相关类型相关的 ICE： https: //github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/62529