没有 WHILE 循环的查询

Question

我们有如下所示的预约表。每个约会都需要归类为“新”或“后续”。在（该患者的）首次预约后 30 天内的任何预约（对患者）都是随访。30 天后，约会再次“新”。30 天内的任何约会都将成为“后续”。

我目前正在通过输入 while 循环来做到这一点。
如何在没有 WHILE 循环的情况下实现这一目标？

桌子

CREATE TABLE #Appt1 (ApptID INT, PatientID INT, ApptDate DATE)
INSERT INTO #Appt1
SELECT  1,101,'2020-01-05' UNION
SELECT  2,505,'2020-01-06' UNION
SELECT  3,505,'2020-01-10' UNION
SELECT  4,505,'2020-01-20' UNION
SELECT  5,101,'2020-01-25' UNION
SELECT  6,101,'2020-02-12'  UNION
SELECT  7,101,'2020-02-20'  UNION
SELECT  8,101,'2020-03-30'  UNION
SELECT  9,303,'2020-01-28' UNION
SELECT  10,303,'2020-02-02' 

Answer 1

您需要使用递归查询。

30 天的时间是从上一个开始计算的（没有递归/古怪的更新/循环是不可能做到的）。这就是为什么所有使用 only 的现有答案都ROW_NUMBER失败了。

WITH f AS (
  SELECT *, rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY PatientId ORDER BY ApptDate) 
  FROM Appt1
), rec AS (
  SELECT Category = CAST('New' AS NVARCHAR(20)), ApptId, PatientId, ApptDate, rn, startDate = ApptDate
  FROM f
  WHERE rn = 1
  UNION ALL
  SELECT CAST(CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(DAY,  rec.startDate,f.ApptDate) <= 30 THEN N'FollowUp' ELSE N'New' END AS NVARCHAR(20)), 
         f.ApptId,f.PatientId,f.ApptDate, f.rn,
         CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(DAY, rec.startDate, f.ApptDate) <= 30 THEN rec.startDate ELSE f.ApptDate END
  FROM rec
  JOIN f
    ON rec.rn = f.rn - 1
   AND rec.PatientId = f.PatientId
)
SELECT ApptId, PatientId, ApptDate, Category
FROM rec
ORDER BY PatientId, ApptDate;  

db<>小提琴演示

输出：

+---------+------------+-------------+----------+
| ApptId  | PatientId  |  ApptDate   | Category |
+---------+------------+-------------+----------+
|      1  |       101  | 2020-01-05  | New      |
|      5  |       101  | 2020-01-25  | FollowUp |
|      6  |       101  | 2020-02-12  | New      |
|      7  |       101  | 2020-02-20  | FollowUp |
|      8  |       101  | 2020-03-30  | New      |
|      9  |       303  | 2020-01-28  | New      |
|     10  |       303  | 2020-02-02  | FollowUp |
|      2  |       505  | 2020-01-06  | New      |
|      3  |       505  | 2020-01-10  | FollowUp |
|      4  |       505  | 2020-01-20  | FollowUp |
+---------+------------+-------------+----------+

这个怎么运作：

1. f - 获取起点（锚点 - 每个 PatientId）
2. rec - 递归部分，如果当前值和 prev 之间的差异大于 30，则在 PatientId 的上下文中更改类别和起点
3. Main - 显示排序结果集

同类类：

Oracle 上的条件 SUM - 限制窗口函数

会话窗口（Azure 流分析）

运行总计直到特定条件为真- 古怪的更新

附录

永远不要在生产中使用此代码！

但是除了使用 cte 之外，另一个值得一提的选择是使用临时表并在“轮次”中更新

它可以在“单一”回合中完成（古怪的更新）：

CREATE TABLE Appt_temp (ApptID INT , PatientID INT, ApptDate DATE, Category NVARCHAR(10))

INSERT INTO Appt_temp(ApptId, PatientId, ApptDate)
SELECT ApptId, PatientId, ApptDate
FROM Appt1;

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Idx_appt ON Appt_temp(PatientID, ApptDate);

询问：

DECLARE @PatientId INT = 0,
        @PrevPatientId INT,
        @FirstApptDate DATE = NULL;

UPDATE Appt_temp
SET  @PrevPatientId = @PatientId
    ,@PatientId     = PatientID 
    ,@FirstApptDate = CASE WHEN @PrevPatientId <> @PatientId THEN ApptDate
                           WHEN DATEDIFF(DAY, @FirstApptDate, ApptDate)>30 THEN ApptDate
                           ELSE @FirstApptDate
                      END
    ,Category       = CASE WHEN @PrevPatientId <> @PatientId THEN 'New'
                           WHEN @FirstApptDate = ApptDate THEN 'New'
                           ELSE 'FollowUp' 
                      END
FROM Appt_temp WITH(INDEX(Idx_appt))
OPTION (MAXDOP 1);

SELECT * FROM  Appt_temp ORDER BY PatientId, ApptDate;

db<>fiddle 古怪的更新

Answer 2

You could do this with a recursive cte. You should first order by apptDate within each patient. That can be accomplished by a run-of-the-mill cte.

Then, in the anchor portion of your recursive cte, select the first ordering for each patient, mark the status as 'new', and also mark the apptDate as the date of the most recent 'new' record.

In the recursive portion of your recursive cte, increment to the next appointment, calculate the difference in days between the present appointment and the most recent 'new' appointment date. If it's greater than 30 days, mark it 'new' and reset the most recent new appointment date. Otherwise mark it as 'follow up' and just pass along the existing days since new appointment date.

Finallly, in the base query, just select the columns you want.

with orderings as (

    select       *, 
                 rn = row_number() over(
                     partition by patientId 
                     order by apptDate
                 ) 
    from         #appt1 a

),

markings as (

    select       apptId, 
                 patientId, 
                 apptDate, 
                 rn, 
                 type = convert(varchar(10),'new'),
                 dateOfNew = apptDate
    from         orderings 
    where        rn = 1

    union all
    select       o.apptId, o.patientId, o.apptDate, o.rn,
                 type = convert(varchar(10),iif(ap.daysSinceNew > 30, 'new', 'follow up')),
                 dateOfNew = iif(ap.daysSinceNew > 30, o.apptDate, m.dateOfNew)
    from         markings m
    join         orderings o 
                     on m.patientId = o.patientId 
                     and m.rn + 1 = o.rn
    cross apply  (select daysSinceNew = datediff(day, m.dateOfNew, o.apptDate)) ap

)

select    apptId, patientId, apptDate, type
from      markings
order by  patientId, rn;

I should mention that I initially deleted this answer because Abhijeet Khandagale's answer seemed to meet your needs with a simpler query (after reworking it a bit). But with your comment to him about your business requirement and your added sample data, I undeleted mine because believe this one meets your needs.