如何使用 Vega/Vega-lite 渲染类/组织/流程/状态图/图表

Question

我找不到 Vega 的状态/类/流程图/组织结构图示例。外面有吗？

感觉 Vega 非常适合这个（如果有点过分），但没有一个例子可以从它开始，这是一个相当陡峭的学习曲线。“织女星的工作原理”页面上有一些示例，但没有链接到它们的构建方式：

还有树布局示例，但不清楚如何开始将其转换为适合流程图样式图的块。

这是来自例如mermaid.js 的所需输出类型的一些示例（以及其他形状，例如菱形/三角形）

Answer 1

假设您能够按如下方式表示图表：

"values": [
        {"id": "1", "parent": null, "title": "Animal"},
        {"id": "2", "parent": "1", "title": "Duck"},
        {"id": "3", "parent": "1", "title": "Fish"},
        {"id": "4", "parent": "1", "title": "Zebra"}
      ]

然后你可以做的是将节点布置成树状（stratify完成这项工作）：

"transform": [
        {
          "type": "stratify",
          "key": "id",
          "parentKey": "parent"
        },
        {
          "type": "tree",
          "method": "tidy",
          "separation": true,
          "size": [{"signal": "width"}, {"signal": "height"}]
        }
      ]

布置节点后，您需要生成连接线，treelinks+linkpath组合正是这样做的：

{
      "name": "links",
      "source": "tree", // take datasource "tree" as input
      "transform": [
        { "type": "treelinks" }, // apply transform 1
        { "type": "linkpath", // follow up with next transform
          "shape": "diagonal"
          }
      ]
    }

现在您已经有了数据源，您想要绘制实际的对象。在 Vega 中这些被称为marks. 我想这就是我将偏离您想要的输出的地方，因为我只绘制一个带有每个数据点标题的矩形和一些要连接的基本线：

"marks": [
    {
      "type": "path",
      "from": {"data": "links"}, // dataset we defined above
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "path": {"field": "path"} // linkpath generated a dataset with "path" field in it - we just grab it here
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "rect",
      "from": {"data": "tree"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "width": {"value": 100},
          "height": {"value": 20},
          "x": {"field": "x"},
          "y": {"field": "y"}
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "text",
      "from": {"data": "tree"}, // use data set we defined earlier
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "text": {"field": "title"}, // we can use data fields to display actual values
          "x": {"field": "x"}, // use data fields to draw values from
          "y": {"field": "y"},
          "dx": {"value":50}, // offset the mark to appear in rectangle center
          "dy": {"value":13},
          "align": {"value": "center"}
        }
      }
    }
  ]

总而言之，我对您的目标状态进行了非常基本的近似。这绝对不是完全匹配：那里的矩形可能应该替换为groups，并且连接路径也需要一些工作。您会注意到，为了简单起见，我没有使用任何内容signals来提供动态用户输入和update//指令。exithover

{
  "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v5.json",
  "width": 800,
  "height": 300,
  "padding": 5,

  "data": [
    {
      "name": "tree",
      "values": [
        {"id": "1", "parent": null, "title": "Animal"},
        {"id": "2", "parent": "1", "title": "Duck"},
        {"id": "3", "parent": "1", "title": "Fish"},
        {"id": "4", "parent": "1", "title": "Zebra"}
      ],
      "transform": [
        {
          "type": "stratify",
          "key": "id",
          "parentKey": "parent"
        },
        {
          "type": "tree",
          "method": "tidy",
          "separation": true,
          "size": [{"signal": "width"}, {"signal": "height"}]
        }
      ]      
    },
    {
      "name": "links",
      "source": "tree",
      "transform": [
        { "type": "treelinks" },
        { "type": "linkpath",
          "shape": "diagonal"
          }
      ]
    }, 
    {
      "name": "tree-boxes",
      "source": "tree",
      "transform": [
          { 
            "type": "filter",
            "expr": "datum.parent == null"
          }
        ]
    },
    {
      "name": "tree-circles",
      "source": "tree",
      "transform": [
        {
          "type": "filter",
          "expr": "datum.parent != null"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "marks": [
    {
      "type": "path",
      "from": {"data": "links"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "path": {"field": "path"}
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "rect",
      "from": {"data": "tree-boxes"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "width": {"value": 100},
          "height": {"value": 20},
          "x": {"field": "x"},
          "y": {"field": "y"}
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "symbol",
      "from": {"data": "tree-circles"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "width": {"value": 100},
          "height": {"value": 20},
          "x": {"field": "x"},
          "y": {"field": "y"}
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "rect",
      "from": {"data": "tree"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "width": {"value": 100},
          "height": {"value": 20},
          "x": {"field": "x"},
          "y": {"field": "y"}
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "text",
      "from": {"data": "tree"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "text": {"field": "title"},
          "x": {"field": "x"},
          "y": {"field": "y"},
          "dx": {"value":50},
          "dy": {"value":13},
          "align": {"value": "center"}
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

UPD：假设您想为图表的根节点和叶节点渲染不同的形状。实现此目的的一种方法是filter根据您的tree数据集添加两个转换并相应地过滤它们：

    {
      "name": "tree-boxes",
      "source": "tree", // grab the existing data
      "transform": [
          { 
            "type": "filter",
            "expr": "datum.parent == null" // run it through a filter defined by expression
          }
        ]
    },
    {
      "name": "tree-circles",
      "source": "tree",
      "transform": [
        {
          "type": "filter",
          "expr": "datum.parent != null"
        }
      ]
    }

然后，您不需要渲染所有标记，因为rect您需要为各个转换后的数据集提供两种不同的形状：

{
      "type": "rect",
      "from": {"data": "tree-boxes"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "width": {"value": 100},
          "height": {"value": 20},
          "x": {"field": "x"},
          "y": {"field": "y"}
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "symbol",
      "from": {"data": "tree-circles"},
      "encode": {
        "enter": {
          "stroke": {"value": "black"},
          "width": {"value": 100},
          "height": {"value": 20},
          "x": {"field": "x"},
          "y": {"field": "y"}
        }
      }
    }