Cmocka 使用 C 进行单元测试:模拟嵌套函数调用

Jas*_*her 5 c unit-testing cmocka

因此,玩具程序重复了我使用 cmocka 为现有代码开发单元测试时遇到的问题。问题是嵌套函数调用不会模拟,这使得单元测试依赖于正确执行的嵌套函数调用。请注意,使用“mockable_static”定义是因为原始代码具有作为“内部函数调用”存在的静态函数,但出于单元测试的目的,这些对外部调用开放。(请参阅此想法来自的 stackoverflow 帖子

废话不多说,代码如下:

函数.h:

#ifndef FUNC_H_
#define FUNC_H_

#ifdef UNIT_TESTING
#define mockable_static
mockable_static char* bar();
#endif

char* foo();

#endif // FUNC_H_
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功能.c:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef UNIT_TESTING
#define mockable_static static
#else
#define mockable_static
#endif

mockable_static char* bar (){
    printf("This is bar!\n");
    char *str = "This is the result of bar!";
    return str;
}

char* foo(){
    printf("This is foo, and it should return the results of bar()\n");
    char * res;
    res = bar();
    return res;
}
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测试.c:

#include <setjmp.h> /* needs to be before cmocka.h */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <cmocka.h>

#include "func.h"

static void test_bar(void **state);
static void test_wrap_bar(void **state);
static void test_foo(void **state);

char* __real_bar();

char* __wrap_bar(){
    printf("This is a wrap and doesn't return bar!\n");
    return (char*)mock();
}

int main(void){
    //bar test
    const struct CMUnitTest bar_tests[] = {
        cmocka_unit_test(test_bar),
        cmocka_unit_test(test_wrap_bar)
    };
    const struct CMUnitTest foo_tests[] = {
        cmocka_unit_test(test_foo)
    };
    //foo test w/ mocking bar

    int status;
    status = cmocka_run_group_tests(bar_tests,NULL,NULL);
    status = cmocka_run_group_tests(foo_tests,NULL,NULL);

    printf("Status = %d\n",status);
    return status;
}

static void test_bar(void **state){
    char expected_res[] = "This is the result of bar!";
    char * actual_res;

    actual_res = __real_bar();
    assert_string_equal(actual_res,expected_res);
}

static void test_wrap_bar(void **state){
    char * this =  "I don't want bar!";
    will_return(__wrap_bar,this);

    char * res = bar();
    assert_string_equal(res,this);
}

static void test_foo(void **state){
    char * this =  "I don't want bar!";
    will_return(__wrap_bar,this);

    char * res = foo();
    assert_string_equal(res,this);
}
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gcc 编译行:

gcc ./test.c ./func.c -DUNIT_TESTING -g -Wl,--wrap=bar -o test -lcmocka-static
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测试执行结果:

[==========] Running 2 test(s).
[ RUN      ] test_bar
This is bar!
[       OK ] test_bar
[ RUN      ] test_wrap_bar
This is a wrap and doesn't return bar!
[       OK ] test_wrap_bar
[==========] 2 test(s) run.
[  PASSED  ] 2 test(s).
[==========] Running 1 test(s).
[ RUN      ] test_foo
This is foo, and it should return the results of bar()
This is bar!
[  ERROR   ] --- "This is the result of bar!" != "I don't want bar!"
[   LINE   ] --- ./test.c:59: error: Failure!
[  FAILED  ] test_foo
[==========] 1 test(s) run.
[  PASSED  ] 0 test(s).
[  FAILED  ] 1 test(s), listed below:
[  FAILED  ] test_foo

 1 FAILED TEST(S)
Status = 1
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如您所见,bar() 没有被包裹在 foo() 中,但是在包裹测试中,bar 被包裹起来,就像 foo() 调用 bar 一样。Bar 是使用 __real_bar() 测试的,它是 cmocka 测试库的一部分(虽然 __real_bar() 有一个原型,但该函数从未定义过,并根据 cmocka 文档返回预期结果。任何人都有对嵌套函数调用使用单元测试的经验? 我还没有发现用 cmocka 模拟嵌套函数调用的任何结果,但我的 google-foo 可能缺少。如果在 test_foo() 结束时删除断言,则由于 will_return 队列中未使用的值,测试失败。

[==========] Running 2 test(s).
[ RUN      ] test_bar
This is bar!
[       OK ] test_bar
[ RUN      ] test_wrap_bar
This is a wrap and doesn't return bar!
[       OK ] test_wrap_bar
[==========] 2 test(s) run.
[  PASSED  ] 2 test(s).
[==========] Running 1 test(s).
[ RUN      ] test_foo
This is foo, and it should return the results of bar()
This is bar!
[  ERROR   ] --- %s() has remaining non-returned values.
./test.c:56: note: remaining item was declared here

[  FAILED  ] test_foo
[==========] 1 test(s) run.
[  PASSED  ] 0 test(s).
[  FAILED  ] 1 test(s), listed below:
[  FAILED  ] test_foo

 1 FAILED TEST(S)
Status = 1
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Jas*_*her 2

好吧,有几种不同的途径可以解决这个问题。我发布解决方案以便其他人可以看到。

解决方案#1:将嵌套函数调用单独放入单独的 .c 文件中。IE- func.c 包含 foo() 且 (newfile)bar.c 包含 bar()。这允许 GCC --wrap=bar 在 func.c 中工作,因为它需要链接到另一个文件。

解决方案#2:构建单独的测试来测试 bar 和 foo。在 func.c 中使用以下行使 bar 变得“弱”

__attribute__((weak))
mockable_static char* bar ().............(code follows)
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在测试 foo 的文件中,使用模拟的 bar,我们重新定义 bar() 以充当原始 char* __wrap_bar() 函数的定义。使用 __attribute__((weak)),这个重新定义的栏将覆盖原始栏,我们可以继续强制它在测试文件中给出我们想要的结果。

生成的 test_foo.c 文件如下所示:

#include <setjmp.h> /* needs to be before cmocka.h */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <cmocka.h>

#include "func.h"
#include "bar.h"

static void test_bar(void **state);
static void test_wrap_bar(void **state);
static void test_foo(void **state);


char* bar(){
    printf("This is a wrap and doesn't return bar!\n");
    return (char*)mock();
}

int main(void){
    //bar test
    const struct CMUnitTest bar_tests[] = {
        cmocka_unit_test(test_wrap_bar)
    };
    const struct CMUnitTest foo_tests[] = {
        cmocka_unit_test(test_foo)
    };
    //foo test w/ mocking bar

    int status;
    status = cmocka_run_group_tests(bar_tests,NULL,NULL);
    status += cmocka_run_group_tests(foo_tests,NULL,NULL);

    printf("Status = %d\n",status);
    return status;
}

static void test_wrap_bar(void **state){
    char * this =  "I don't want bar!";
    will_return(bar,this);

    char * res = bar();
    assert_string_equal(res,this);
}

static void test_foo(void **state){
    char * this =  "I don't want bar!";
    will_return(bar,this);

    char * res = foo();
    assert_string_equal(res,this);
}
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func.c 文件为:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef UNIT_TEST
#define mockable_static static
#else
#define mockable_static __attribute__((weak))
#endif


mockable_static char* bar (){
    printf("This is bar!\n");
    char *str = "This is the result of bar!";
    //char *str = "This is the resfjkl;dsaj of bar!";
    return str;
}

char* foo(){
    printf("This is foo, and it should return the results of bar()\n");
    char * res;
    res = bar();
    return res;
}
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将会有一个单独的文件 test_bar.c,它不会重新定义 bar,并且可以在 func.c 中测试 bar()。

是的,第一个解决方案是我自己问题的解决方案!发帖供其他人查看/评论/对我大喊大叫:)

各位同事,感谢您的帮助!