使用PHP HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE服务器变量

Question

我创建了一个PHP脚本,HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE使用前两个字符中的相应语言检查并加载网站:

          $http_lang = substr($_SERVER["HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"],0,2);
      switch ($http_lang) {
        case 'en':
          $SESSION->conf['language'] = 'english';
          break;
        case 'es':
          $SESSION->conf['language'] = 'spanish';
          break;
        default:
          $SESSION->conf['language'] = $PREFS->conf['languages'][$SESSION->conf['language_id']];
      }

如果我在Firefox中将语言更改为西班牙语,则网站会以西班牙语加载.不过,我有几份报告称哥伦比亚人民用英文看网站.

详细信息:"es-co"LCID = 9226西班牙语(哥伦比亚)

任何人都有任何关于为什么会这样的想法？我认为这是检查用户支持的语言的最佳方式.

Answer 1

更现代的方法是使用http_negotiate_language():

 $map = array("en" => "english", "es" => "spanish");
 $conf_language= $map[ http_negotiate_language(array_keys($map)) ];

如果您没有安装http扩展(而不是intl),则评论中还有另一种解决方法(用户注释#86787(2008年11月;匿名)):

<?php 
/* 
  determine which language out of an available set the user prefers most 

  $available_languages        array with language-tag-strings (must be lowercase) that are available 
  $http_accept_language    a HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE string (read from $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] if left out) 
*/ 
function prefered_language ($available_languages,$http_accept_language="auto") { 
    // if $http_accept_language was left out, read it from the HTTP-Header 
    if ($http_accept_language == "auto") $http_accept_language = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] : ''; 

    // standard  for HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE is defined under 
    // http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.4 
    // pattern to find is therefore something like this: 
    //    1#( language-range [ ";" "q" "=" qvalue ] ) 
    // where: 
    //    language-range  = ( ( 1*8ALPHA *( "-" 1*8ALPHA ) ) | "*" ) 
    //    qvalue         = ( "0" [ "." 0*3DIGIT ] ) 
    //            | ( "1" [ "." 0*3("0") ] ) 
    preg_match_all("/([[:alpha:]]{1,8})(-([[:alpha:]|-]{1,8}))?" . 
                   "(\s*;\s*q\s*=\s*(1\.0{0,3}|0\.\d{0,3}))?\s*(,|$)/i", 
                   $http_accept_language, $hits, PREG_SET_ORDER); 

    // default language (in case of no hits) is the first in the array 
    $bestlang = $available_languages[0]; 
    $bestqval = 0; 

    foreach ($hits as $arr) { 
        // read data from the array of this hit 
        $langprefix = strtolower ($arr[1]); 
        if (!empty($arr[3])) { 
            $langrange = strtolower ($arr[3]); 
            $language = $langprefix . "-" . $langrange; 
        } 
        else $language = $langprefix; 
        $qvalue = 1.0; 
        if (!empty($arr[5])) $qvalue = floatval($arr[5]); 

        // find q-maximal language  
        if (in_array($language,$available_languages) && ($qvalue > $bestqval)) { 
            $bestlang = $language; 
            $bestqval = $qvalue; 
        } 
        // if no direct hit, try the prefix only but decrease q-value by 10% (as http_negotiate_language does) 
        else if (in_array($langprefix,$available_languages) && (($qvalue*0.9) > $bestqval)) { 
            $bestlang = $langprefix; 
            $bestqval = $qvalue*0.9; 
        } 
    } 
    return $bestlang; 
} 
?>

Answer 2

我使用了来自@GabrielAnderson的正则表达式并设计了这个根据RFC 2616行为的函数(当没有给出语言的质量值时,它默认为1).

当多种语言共享相同的质量值时,最具体的语言优先于不太具体的语言.(此行为不是RFC的一部分,不提供此特定情况的建议)

function Get_Client_Prefered_Language ($getSortedList = false, $acceptedLanguages = false)
{

    if (empty($acceptedLanguages))
        $acceptedLanguages = $_SERVER["HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"];

        // regex inspired from @GabrielAnderson on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6038236/http-accept-language
    preg_match_all('/([a-z]{1,8}(-[a-z]{1,8})*)\s*(;\s*q\s*=\s*(1|0\.[0-9]+))?/i', $acceptedLanguages, $lang_parse);
    $langs = $lang_parse[1];
    $ranks = $lang_parse[4];


        // (create an associative array 'language' => 'preference')
    $lang2pref = array();
    for($i=0; $i<count($langs); $i++)
        $lang2pref[$langs[$i]] = (float) (!empty($ranks[$i]) ? $ranks[$i] : 1);

        // (comparison function for uksort)
    $cmpLangs = function ($a, $b) use ($lang2pref) {
        if ($lang2pref[$a] > $lang2pref[$b])
            return -1;
        elseif ($lang2pref[$a] < $lang2pref[$b])
            return 1;
        elseif (strlen($a) > strlen($b))
            return -1;
        elseif (strlen($a) < strlen($b))
            return 1;
        else
            return 0;
    };

        // sort the languages by prefered language and by the most specific region
    uksort($lang2pref, $cmpLangs);

    if ($getSortedList)
        return $lang2pref;

        // return the first value's key
    reset($lang2pref);
    return key($lang2pref);
}

例:

print_r(Get_Client_Prefered_Language(true, 'en,en-US,en-AU;q=0.8,fr;q=0.6,en-GB;q=0.4'));

输出:

Array
    (
        [en-US] => 1
        [en] => 1
        [en-AU] => 0.8
        [fr] => 0.6
        [en-GB] => 0.4
    )

正如你所注意到的那样,'en-US'出现在第一位,尽管'en'是给定字符串中的第一个.

所以你可以使用这个函数,只需用你的第一行代码替换:

$http_lang = substr(Get_Client_Prefered_Language(),0,2);

Answer 3

您知道哥伦比亚的所有访问者是否都会这样做？用户通常可以自由地更改其浏览器的语言设置 - 或者由负责计算机的任何人更改它们.正如zerkms建议的那样,尝试记录IP地址及其标题.

如果您安装了intl扩展,则可以使用Locale::lookup和Locale::acceptFromHttp从用户浏览器设置中获得最合适的语言选择以及可用的翻译列表.

Locale::acceptFromHttp($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']); # e.g. "en_US"