发送邮件 python asyncio

Question

我正在尝试学习 asyncio。如果我在没有 asyncio 库的情况下正常运行这个程序，那么它需要更少的时间，而以这种方式需要更多的时间，那么这是使用 asyncio 发送邮件的正确方法还是还有其他方法？

import smtplib 
import ssl
import time
import asyncio


async def send_mail(receiver_email):
    try:
        print(f"trying..{receiver_email}")
        server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, port)
        server.ehlo()
        server.starttls(context=context)
        server.ehlo()
        server.login(sender_email, password)
        message = "test"
        await asyncio.sleep(0)
        server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message)
        print(f"done...{receiver_email}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    finally:
        server.quit()

async def main():
     t1 = time.time()
     await asyncio.gather(
         send_mail("test@test.com"),
         send_mail("test@test.com"),
         send_mail("test@test.com"),
         send_mail("test@test.com")
     )
    print(f"End in {time.time() - t1}sec")

if __name__ == "__main__":
     smtp_server = "smtp.gmail.com"
     port = 587  # For starttls
     sender_email = "*****"
     password = "*****"
     context = ssl.create_default_context()
     asyncio.run(main())

Answer 1

您并没有真正使用 asyncio 正确发送电子邮件。您应该使用aiosmtplib进行异步 SMTP 调用，例如connect、 starttls、login等。请参阅以下示例，我已将其从处理附件的更复杂的程序中剥离出来。此代码异步发送两封电子邮件：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import asyncio
import aiosmtplib
import sys

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

MAIL_PARAMS = {'TLS': True, 'host': 'xxxxxxxx', 'password': 'xxxxxxxx', 'user': 'xxxxxxxx', 'port': 587}


async def send_mail_async(sender, to, subject, text, textType='plain', **params):
    """Send an outgoing email with the given parameters.

    :param sender: From whom the email is being sent
    :type sender: str

    :param to: A list of recipient email addresses.
    :type to: list

    :param subject: The subject of the email.
    :type subject: str

    :param text: The text of the email.
    :type text: str

    :param textType: Mime subtype of text, defaults to 'plain' (can be 'html').
    :type text: str

    :param params: An optional set of parameters. (See below)
    :type params; dict

    Optional Parameters:
    :cc: A list of Cc email addresses.
    :bcc: A list of Bcc email addresses.
    """

    # Default Parameters
    cc = params.get("cc", [])
    bcc = params.get("bcc", [])
    mail_params = params.get("mail_params", MAIL_PARAMS)

    # Prepare Message
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg.preamble = subject
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg['From'] = sender
    msg['To'] = ', '.join(to)
    if len(cc): msg['Cc'] = ', '.join(cc)
    if len(bcc): msg['Bcc'] = ', '.join(bcc)

    msg.attach(MIMEText(text, textType, 'utf-8'))

    # Contact SMTP server and send Message
    host = mail_params.get('host', 'localhost')
    isSSL = mail_params.get('SSL', False)
    isTLS = mail_params.get('TLS', False)
    if isSSL and isTLS:
        raise ValueError('SSL and TLS cannot both be True')
    port = mail_params.get('port', 465 if isSSL else 25)
    # For aiosmtplib 3.0.1 we must set argument start_tls=False
    # because we will explicitly be calling starttls ourselves when
    # isTLS is True:
    smtp = aiosmtplib.SMTP(hostname=host, port=port, start_tls=False, use_tls=isSSL)
    await smtp.connect()
    if isTLS:
        await smtp.starttls()
    if 'user' in mail_params:
        await smtp.login(mail_params['user'], mail_params['password'])
    await smtp.send_message(msg)
    await smtp.quit()


async def main():
    email_address = 'xxxxxxxx';
    co1 = send_mail_async(email_address,
                          [email_address],
                          'Test 1',
                          'Test 1 Message',
                           textType='plain'
                           )
    co2 = send_mail_async(email_address,
                          [email_address],
                         'Test 2',
                         'Test 2 Message',
                          textType='plain'
                          )
    await asyncio.gather(co1, co2)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())