Python 请求：处理 JSON 响应，存储到列表或字典？

Question

我正在使用 python requests 库从 api 获取数据。数据以名为 messages 的大型 json 数组形式返回。其中包含许多单独的“消息”子级 json（请参阅底部的 json 响应示例）。

在此 json 响应中，对于每条消息，我只关心几个（2 或 3）个数据点。我需要获取这几个数据点，并将它们存储到某个东西（列表的列表、字典等）中，以便我稍后可以引用它，存储到一个对象并从另一个函数中使用。

我需要存储的数据点是id、conversationId和body. The id is unique, while theconventionId` 在对话中的所有消息之间共享，因此不是唯一的。

1. 我首先想问您认为实现这一目标的最佳方法是什么。我猜是列表的列表，还是列表的字典？我太新了，不知道哪个是更好的解决方案。
2. 此外，无论选择什么方法，我都需要知道如何引用它们并通过 id 调用它们以从另一个函数存储到对象。我还没有弄清楚如何成功地做到这一点。

以下是我尝试过的一些事情，只是为了大致了解如何做到这一点：

response=requests.get(url + id, headers=h, params=p)
messages=json.loads(response.text)
for message in messages:
    print(message['body'])

^^ 这里我只是想看看是否可以引用特定消息的正文，但没有成功。

r=requests.get(url + id, headers=h, params=p)
inbound_dict = {}
inbound=json.loads(r.text)
for item in inbound['messages']:
    inbound_dict[item['conversationId']] = item['body']
print(inbound_dict)

^^ 这个实际上确实有点工作，但不允许我有效地组织数据以便稍后调用。当我打印字典时，它会显示最新的值，因为键不是唯一的......所以它是覆盖而不是附加。这就是我认为列表列表最好的原因。

最后，我想要一个解决方案，其中数据通过conversationId字典或类似结构进行组织，我可以通过conversationId、 或引用消息msgId，以及一种干净且易于阅读的方式来存储所有数据...:)

response=requests.get(url + id, headers=h, params=p)
messages=json.loads(response.text)
for message in messages:
    print(message['body'])

最后，这是一个 json 示例。请记住，我仍在学习并跟上 python 的速度。感谢大家抽出宝贵的时间！

b'{"id":1005672,"messages":[{"id":4461048,"body":"Mnow test test","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"INCOMING","outgoing":false,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783232355,"attachments":[]},{"id":4461049,"body":"THIS NUMBER DOES NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPT TEXT MESSAGES PLEASE CALL (716) 444-4444 TO WORK WITH ONE OF OUR INTAKE SPECIALISTS","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"AUTO_RESPONSE","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783233546,"attachments":[]},{"id":4620511,"body":"test sms,test sms","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":17297,"status":"DELIVERED","error":null,"kind":"API","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1577987093930,"attachments":[]},...

Answer 1

您可以使用列表理解和字典理解的组合来做到这一点，如下所示：

import json
from pprint import pprint


response = b'{"id":1005672,"messages":[{"id":4461048,"body":"Mnow test test","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"INCOMING","outgoing":false,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783232355,"attachments":[]},{"id":4461049,"body":"THIS NUMBER DOES NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPT TEXT MESSAGES PLEASE CALL (716) 444-4444 TO WORK WITH ONE OF OUR INTAKE SPECIALISTS","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"AUTO_RESPONSE","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783233546,"attachments":[]},{"id":4620511,"body":"test sms,test sms","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":17297,"status":"DELIVERED","error":null,"kind":"API","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1577987093930,"attachments":[]}]}'

data = json.loads(response)

messages = [
    {'id': message['id'],
     'conversationId': message['conversationId'],
     'body': message['body']} for message in data['messages']
]

pprint(messages, sort_dicts=False)

输出：

import json
from pprint import pprint


response = b'{"id":1005672,"messages":[{"id":4461048,"body":"Mnow test test","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"INCOMING","outgoing":false,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783232355,"attachments":[]},{"id":4461049,"body":"THIS NUMBER DOES NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPT TEXT MESSAGES PLEASE CALL (716) 444-4444 TO WORK WITH ONE OF OUR INTAKE SPECIALISTS","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"AUTO_RESPONSE","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783233546,"attachments":[]},{"id":4620511,"body":"test sms,test sms","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":17297,"status":"DELIVERED","error":null,"kind":"API","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1577987093930,"attachments":[]}]}'

data = json.loads(response)

messages = [
    {'id': message['id'],
     'conversationId': message['conversationId'],
     'body': message['body']} for message in data['messages']
]

pprint(messages, sort_dicts=False)

您可以使处理更加数据驱动，并消除推导式中的大量重复编码，从而通过这样做使其更加简洁：

import json
from pprint import pprint

data_points = 'id', 'conversationId', 'body'
response = b'{"id":1005672,"messages":[{"id":4461048,"body":"Mnow test test","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"INCOMING","outgoing":false,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783232355,"attachments":[]},{"id":4461049,"body":"THIS NUMBER DOES NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPT TEXT MESSAGES PLEASE CALL (716) 444-4444 TO WORK WITH ONE OF OUR INTAKE SPECIALISTS","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":0,"status":"RECEIVED","error":null,"kind":"AUTO_RESPONSE","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1576783233546,"attachments":[]},{"id":4620511,"body":"test sms,test sms","conversationId":1005672,"locationId":2045,"contactId":12792806,"assignedUserId":17297,"status":"DELIVERED","error":null,"kind":"API","outgoing":true,"reviewRequest":false,"type":"SMS","readDate":0,"respondedDate":0,"sentDate":1577987093930,"attachments":[]}]}'
data = json.loads(response)
messages = [{dp: message.get(dp) for dp in data_points}
                for message in data['messages']]

pprint(messages, sort_dicts=False)