int*_*ika 24 regex nginx regex-group nginx-location nginx-config
Nginx 正则表达式位置语法
正则表达式可以与 Nginx 位置块部分一起使用，这是通过 PCRE 引擎实现的。
由于没有完整记录，此功能究竟支持什么？
int*_*ika 59
Nginx 位置块部分具有搜索顺序、修饰符、隐式匹配类型以及是否在匹配时停止搜索的隐式开关。以下数组为正则表达式描述了它。
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Search-Order Modifier Description Match-Type Stops-search-on-match
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1st = The URI must match the specified pattern exactly Simple-string Yes
# 2nd ^~ The URI must begin with the specified pattern Simple-string Yes
# 3rd (None) The URI must begin with the specified pattern Simple-string No
# 4th ~ The URI must be a case-sensitive match to the specified Rx Perl-Compatible-Rx Yes (first match)
# 4th ~* The URI must be a case-insensitive match to the specified Rx Perl-Compatible-Rx Yes (first match)
# N/A @ Defines a named location block. Simple-string Yes
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
支持捕获组，表达式求值()，本例location ~ ^/(?:index|update)$匹配以example.com/index和example.com/update结尾的url
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# () : Group/Capturing-group, capturing mean match and retain/output/use what matched
# the patern inside (). the default bracket mode is "capturing group" while (?:)
# is a non capturing group. example (?:a|b) match a or b in a non capturing mode
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ?: : Non capturing group
# ?= : Positive look ahead
# ?! : is for negative look ahead (do not match the following...)
# ?<= : is for positive look behind
# ?<! : is for negative look behind
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
不要与正则表达式的斜杠混淆\，在 nginx 中，正斜杠/用于匹配任何子位置，包括 none 示例location /。在正则表达式支持的上下文中，以下解释适用
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# / : It doesn't actually do anything. In Javascript, Perl and some other languages,
# it is used as a delimiter character explicitly for regular expressions.
# Some languages like PHP use it as a delimiter inside a string,
# with additional options passed at the end, just like Javascript and Perl.
# Nginx does not use delimiter, / can be escaped with \/ for code portability
# purpose BUT this is not required for nginx / are handled literally
# (don't have other meaning than /)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
正则表达式特殊字符的第一个目的\是为了转义下一个字符；但请注意，在大多数情况下，\后跟一个字符具有不同的含义，此处提供了完整列表。
Nginx 不需要转义正斜杠，/它也不会像我们可以转义任何其他字符一样拒绝转义它。因此\/被翻译/匹配/。在 nginx 上下文中转义正斜杠的目的之一可能是为了代码可移植性。
这是可以使用的正则表达式的非详尽列表
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ~ : Enable regex mode for location (in regex ~ mean case-sensitive match)
# ~* : case-insensitive match
# | : Or
# () : Match group or evaluate the content of ()
# $ : the expression must be at the end of the evaluated text
# (no char/text after the match) $ is usually used at the end of a regex
# location expression.
# ? : Check for zero or one occurrence of the previous char ex jpe?g
# ^~ : The match must be at the beginning of the text, note that nginx will not perform
# any further regular expression match even if an other match is available
# (check the table above); ^ indicate that the match must be at the start of
# the uri text, while ~ indicates a regular expression match mode.
# example (location ^~ /realestate/.*)
# Nginx evaluation exactly this as don't check regexp locations if this
# location is longest prefix match.
# = : Exact match, no sub folders (location = /)
# ^ : Match the beginning of the text (opposite of $). By itself, ^ is a
# shortcut for all paths (since they all have a beginning).
# .* : Match zero, one or more occurrence of any char
# \ : Escape the next char
# . : Any char
# * : Match zero, one or more occurrence of the previous char
# ! : Not (negative look ahead)
# {} : Match a specific number of occurrence ex. [0-9]{3} match 342 but not 32
# {2,4} match length of 2, 3 and 4
# + : Match one or more occurrence of the previous char
# [] : Match any char inside
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
location ~ ^/(?:index)\.php(?:$|/)
location ~ ^\/(?:core\/img\/background.png|core\/img\/favicon.ico)(?:$|\/)
location ~ ^/(?:index|core/ajax/update|ocs/v[12]|status|updater/.+|oc[ms]-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/)