那些遇到过的问题

如何在 Javascript 中选择合适的后置摄像头？

DoD*_*oDo 24 javascript camera android google-chrome webrtc

我正在使用在网络浏览器中从相机设备navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia打开MediaStream。我的应用程序想要在 WebAssembly 中进行一些实时图像处理，为此，我需要直接从相机提供实时图像流。

我的解决方案在大多数设备上都运行良好，但是，我在具有多个后置摄像头的设备上遇到了问题，例如 Android 版 Google Chrome 上的三星 Galaxy S10。问题在于以下代码段：

const constraints = {
    audio: false,
    video: {
        width: { min: 640, ideal: 1280, max: 1920 },
        height: { min: 480, ideal: 720, max: 1080 },
        facingMode: { ideal: 'environment' },
    }
};
const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia( constraints );
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总是打开一个错误的相机 - 不支持自动对焦并提供对我的代码来说太扭曲的图像的广角镜头相机。广角镜头适合风景摄影，但对于条码和文本扫描却很糟糕。

如何使用MediaTrackConstraints选择正确的相机？我也试过添加

focusMode: { ideal: 'continuous' }
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到约束（根据MDN 文档，这应该是图像轨道的可能约束），但它似乎不起作用。

我也尝试枚举所有设备（来自这个 SO answer），但我不知道如何正确选择正确的相机。

值得注意的是，这个代码片段：

const devices = await navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices();
devices.forEach( ( device: MediaDeviceInfo ) => {
    console.log( "Found device: " + JSON.stringify( device ) );
});
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产生以下控制台输出：

Found device: {"deviceId":"default","kind":"audioinput","label":"","groupId":"4852f187ff6a41e6d3fb3ba41c4897f46bd8ff153579da6fcb8f485432a32f66"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d","kind":"audioinput","label":"","groupId":"c2cfc78763f7668263b0033c44d0f906ca0f33264ebfa6b96e9846265a21ff09"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c","kind":"audioinput","label":"","groupId":"7a86866423279d7b1e12dbe585a14a677a2f2df4e41ec5d388b6c90f7319e88d"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"b46cd34041256d2cf72ed6e8500f71beb698a01b8c47c7c04801c20c47630978","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 1, facing front","groupId":"b1bd1a6ed8a87cd07ca0fa84744ae515b1ab2bed61cc257765c37d3426269af7"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"39d63e8a9764261b73785c90beb58399997a5a4de56b3238fff6676c738331a6","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 3, facing front","groupId":"a23c2f0e311c0ca0c80a56a8b5ff7c1f8aa093df4f6ac080b051c1d95f60a94e"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 2, facing back","groupId":"9b6b1a429e0db2d5094ddebe205d23309464650d8bcd585b2fe4ae8196b86f1c"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 0, facing back","groupId":"0de9556e1253763d7203b3b9e5db313cf89e05dd4bdd4ea0c5aff52d2952cf11"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"default","kind":"audiooutput","label":"","groupId":"default"}
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正确的相机带有标签camera2 0, facing back，出于某种原因，Chrome 总是选择camera2 2, facing back.

当然，我可以通过标签对相机的选择进行硬编码，但这仅适用于三星 Galaxy S10，我希望我的代码适用于具有多个后置摄像头的任何设备。

我还没有尝试在 iPhone 11 Pro（有 3 个后置摄像头）上运行我的页面，但它在华为 Mate 30 Pro（4 个后置摄像头）和 Oppo Reno 9 上运行正常。此外，问题似乎是与 Android 上的 Google Chrome 相关。当我在 Firefox for Android 上打开我的页面时，浏览器会要求我在关闭相机权限对话框后选择应该使用哪个相机，并且只有当多个相机满足给定的限制时。这是非常公平的，因为它可以选择正确的相机来执行扫描。我还没有尝试在三星 Internet 和 Opera 浏览器上打开我的页面（还）。

由于谷歌浏览器是 Android 上最受欢迎的网络浏览器，我什至会对 Chrome 特定的解决方案感到满意，但当然，最好的办法是得到适用于任何地方的答案。

编辑

按照jib的评论，我也尝试使用focusDistancewith

Found device: {"deviceId":"default","kind":"audioinput","label":"","groupId":"4852f187ff6a41e6d3fb3ba41c4897f46bd8ff153579da6fcb8f485432a32f66"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d","kind":"audioinput","label":"","groupId":"c2cfc78763f7668263b0033c44d0f906ca0f33264ebfa6b96e9846265a21ff09"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c","kind":"audioinput","label":"","groupId":"7a86866423279d7b1e12dbe585a14a677a2f2df4e41ec5d388b6c90f7319e88d"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"b46cd34041256d2cf72ed6e8500f71beb698a01b8c47c7c04801c20c47630978","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 1, facing front","groupId":"b1bd1a6ed8a87cd07ca0fa84744ae515b1ab2bed61cc257765c37d3426269af7"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"39d63e8a9764261b73785c90beb58399997a5a4de56b3238fff6676c738331a6","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 3, facing front","groupId":"a23c2f0e311c0ca0c80a56a8b5ff7c1f8aa093df4f6ac080b051c1d95f60a94e"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 2, facing back","groupId":"9b6b1a429e0db2d5094ddebe205d23309464650d8bcd585b2fe4ae8196b86f1c"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 0, facing back","groupId":"0de9556e1253763d7203b3b9e5db313cf89e05dd4bdd4ea0c5aff52d2952cf11"}
Found device: {"deviceId":"default","kind":"audiooutput","label":"","groupId":"default"}
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它没有帮助。

我也尝试登录的输出getSettings，并getCapabilities与下面的代码片段：

focusDistance: { min: 0.05, ideal: 0.12, max: 0.3 }
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输出如下：

Found video device: {"deviceId":"b46cd34041256d2cf72ed6e8500f71beb698a01b8c47c7c04801c20c47630978","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 1, facing front","groupId":"500dd57c6795399100a5ca8bf7f0cc4d7ed8b1bcb0877101d1bef7eb74921868"}
Found video device: {"deviceId":"39d63e8a9764261b73785c90beb58399997a5a4de56b3238fff6676c738331a6","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 3, facing front","groupId":"245693c8d34be77fe2f15be31b6054a19edb8ea9ed4116d966d2a03695bebebe"}
Found video device: {"deviceId":"4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 2, facing back","groupId":"c219595df2c2a430aea7007f64e6ce8fbfa783b038cf53069336361cc07e71af"}
Found video device: {"deviceId":"86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d","kind":"videoinput","label":"camera2 0, facing back","groupId":"96a68b6d6429786317e3b2c4773082604c5ab9a5cdaaf49c481878e40d67e987"}

Opening video device b46cd34041256d2cf72ed6e8500f71beb698a01b8c47c7c04801c20c47630978 (camera2 1, facing front)
Track capabilities: {"aspectRatio":{"max":3216,"min":0.0004528985507246377},"deviceId":"b46cd34041256d2cf72ed6e8500f71beb698a01b8c47c7c04801c20c47630978","facingMode":["user"],"frameRate":{"max":30,"min":0},"groupId":"500dd57c6795399100a5ca8bf7f0cc4d7ed8b1bcb0877101d1bef7eb74921868","height":{"max":2208,"min":1},"resizeMode":["none","crop-and-scale"],"width":{"max":3216,"min":1}}
Track settings: {"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"deviceId":"b46cd34041256d2cf72ed6e8500f71beb698a01b8c47c7c04801c20c47630978","facingMode":"user","frameRate":30,"groupId":"500dd57c6795399100a5ca8bf7f0cc4d7ed8b1bcb0877101d1bef7eb74921868","height":480,"resizeMode":"none","width":640}

Opening video device 39d63e8a9764261b73785c90beb58399997a5a4de56b3238fff6676c738331a6 (camera2 3, facing front)
Track capabilities: {"aspectRatio":{"max":3968,"min":0.0003654970760233918},"deviceId":"39d63e8a9764261b73785c90beb58399997a5a4de56b3238fff6676c738331a6","facingMode":["user"],"frameRate":{"max":30,"min":0},"groupId":"245693c8d34be77fe2f15be31b6054a19edb8ea9ed4116d966d2a03695bebebe","height":{"max":2736,"min":1},"resizeMode":["none","crop-and-scale"],"width":{"max":3968,"min":1}}
Track settings: {"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"deviceId":"39d63e8a9764261b73785c90beb58399997a5a4de56b3238fff6676c738331a6","facingMode":"user","frameRate":30,"groupId":"245693c8d34be77fe2f15be31b6054a19edb8ea9ed4116d966d2a03695bebebe","height":480,"resizeMode":"none","width":640}

Opening video device 4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c (camera2 2, facing back)
Track capabilities: {"aspectRatio":{"max":4608,"min":0.00028935185185185184},"deviceId":"4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c","facingMode":["environment"],"frameRate":{"max":60,"min":0},"groupId":"c219595df2c2a430aea7007f64e6ce8fbfa783b038cf53069336361cc07e71af","height":{"max":3456,"min":1},"resizeMode":["none","crop-and-scale"],"width":{"max":4608,"min":1}}
Track settings: {"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"deviceId":"4d5fecf5a3eee5d41812bb6c34efe6d25342af9448628b006561c7385a22ca6c","facingMode":"environment","frameRate":60,"groupId":"c219595df2c2a430aea7007f64e6ce8fbfa783b038cf53069336361cc07e71af","height":480,"resizeMode":"none","width":640}

Opening video device 86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d (camera2 0, facing back)
Track capabilities: {"aspectRatio":{"max":4032,"min":0.00033068783068783067},"deviceId":"86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d","facingMode":["environment"],"frameRate":{"max":60,"min":0},"groupId":"96a68b6d6429786317e3b2c4773082604c5ab9a5cdaaf49c481878e40d67e987","height":{"max":3024,"min":1},"resizeMode":["none","crop-and-scale"],"width":{"max":4032,"min":1}}
Track settings: {"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"deviceId":"86d4706b0bf160ff12fa75535173edcc68d4fa7ad5e00ec186cb1285ff22869d","facingMode":"environment","frameRate":60,"groupId":"96a68b6d6429786317e3b2c4773082604c5ab9a5cdaaf49c481878e40d67e987","height":480,"resizeMode":"none","width":640}
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所以，还是，没有什么区别camera2 0, facing back和camera2 2, facing back，除了不同的最大可用的分辨率。

我也试过三星互联网浏览器，它的行为与谷歌浏览器相同。

还有其他想法（除了遍历所有后置摄像头并选择分辨率最低的那个）？

小智 0

我将所有相机按 id 放入数组中

      navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices()
        .then(function(devices) {
        
        for(;devices[i];){
        if(devices[i].kind == "videoinput"){
            that.aCameras.push(   [devices[i].deviceId , devices[i].label]   )
            j++;            
            }
        i++;
        }
    });
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比起通过按下按钮翻转相机的事件，我这样做了：

      var defaultsOpts = { audio: false, video: true };
      defaultsOpts.video = { 
              deviceId: that.aCameras[that.currentCamera][0]
      };
      if ( that.aCameras.length-1 != that.currentCamera ){
          that.currentCamera++;
      }
      else{
          that.currentCamera = 0;
      }      
      navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(defaultsOpts)
            .then(function (stream) {
                  vid.srcObject = stream;
                  localstream = stream;
                  vid.play();
               });
          
       });
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像这样，而不是使用用户/环境，我的问题就得到了解决。

希望也能帮助你。

问候，阿维。

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