如何使用 Visual Studio 2019 在 Docker 容器中运行 ASP.NET Core 3.1 项目？

Question

我创建了一个基于 ASP.NET Core 3.1 框架的 Web API 项目。后来，我决定将其部署在 Linux 上而不是 Windows VPS 上。在 Linux VPS 上部署应用程序之前，我希望能够在 Windows 7 上使用 Visual Studio 2019 在本地运行 docker 容器。

我在我的机器上安装了适用于 Windows 的 docker 工具箱以及 Oracle VM VirtualBox。

由于我的项目不是使用 Docker 支持创建的，因此我右键单击了我的项目 >> 添加 >>“添加 Docker”支持，它创建了Dockerfile.

现在，当我尝试在 Visual Studio 上构建/调试我的应用程序时，出现以下错误

Error   CTC1003 Visual Studio container tools require Docker to be running. ProjectName C:\Users\MyUsername\.nuget\packages\microsoft.visualstudio.azure.containers.tools.targets\1.9.10\build\Container.targets    198 

我通过单击“Docker Quickstart Terminal”启动了 Docker。我还能够验证default虚拟盒是否正在运行。此外，我在默认 VM 上添加了“C_Drive”作为共享文件夹。

如何使用 docker 正确启动/调试我的解决方案？

这里是我的内容 Dockerfile

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1-buster-slim AS base
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1-buster AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY ["ProjectName/ProjectName.csproj", "ProjectName/"]
RUN dotnet restore "ProjectName/ProjectName.csproj"
COPY . .
WORKDIR "/src/ProjectName"
RUN dotnet build "ProjectName.csproj" -c Release -o /app/build

FROM build AS publish
RUN dotnet publish "ProjectName.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish

FROM base AS final
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=publish /app/publish .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "ProjectName.dll"]

我还尝试docker-compose通过右键单击我的项目 >> 添加 >> 添加容器 Orchestraintor 支持哪个docker-compose项目来添加支持。

当我运行应用程序时Docker Composer，应用程序运行 Visual Studio 变为橙色以进行调试状态”并立即停止。以下是我在调试窗口中得到的内容

-------------------------------------------------------------------
You may only use the Microsoft .NET Core Debugger (vsdbg) with
Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio or Visual Studio for Mac software
to help you develop and test your applications.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
  It was not possible to find any installed .NET Core SDKs
  Did you mean to run .NET Core SDK commands? Install a .NET Core SDK from:
      https://aka.ms/dotnet-download
The target process exited without raising a CoreCLR started event. Ensure that the target process is configured to use .NET Core. This may be expected if the target process did not run on .NET Core.
The program 'dotnet' has exited with code 145 (0x91).

更新 1

这是 Visual Studio 在“构建”输出下打印的内容

1>------ Build started: Project: MyProject, Configuration: Debug Any CPU ------
1>MyProject -> C:\MyProjects\MyProject\MyProject\bin\Debug\netcoreapp3.1\MyProject.dll
1>docker run -dt -v "C:\Users\MyUsername\vsdbg\vs2017u5:/remote_debugger:rw" -v "C:\MyProjects\MyProject\MyProject:/app" -v "C:\MyProjects\MyProject:/src" -v "C:\Users\MyUsername\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\UserSecrets:/root/.microsoft/usersecrets:ro" -v "C:\Users\MyUsername\AppData\Roaming\ASP.NET\Https:/root/.aspnet/https:ro" -v "C:\Users\MyUsername\.nuget\packages\:/root/.nuget/fallbackpackages2" -v "C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\NuGetFallbackFolder:/root/.nuget/fallbackpackages" -e "DOTNET_USE_POLLING_FILE_WATCHER=1" -e "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Development" -e "ASPNETCORE_URLS=https://+:443;http://+:80" -e "NUGET_PACKAGES=/root/.nuget/fallbackpackages2" -e "NUGET_FALLBACK_PACKAGES=/root/.nuget/fallbackpackages;/root/.nuget/fallbackpackages2" -P --name MyProject --entrypoint tail myproject:dev -f /dev/null
1>docker: Error response from daemon: invalid mode: /root/.nuget/fallbackpackages.
1>See 'docker run --help'.
1>C:\Users\MyUsername\.nuget\packages\microsoft.visualstudio.azure.containers.tools.targets\1.9.10\build\Container.targets(198,5): error CTC1003: Visual Studio container tools require Docker to be running.
1>Done building project "MyProject.csproj" -- FAILED.
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

这是 VS 在“Container Tools”输出下打印的内容

========== Checking for Container Prerequisites ==========
Verifying that Docker Desktop is installed...
Docker Desktop is installed.
========== Verifying that Docker Desktop is running... ==========
Verifying that Docker Desktop is running...
Visual Studio container tools require Docker to be running.
Docker Desktop is not running.
========== Finished ==========

更新 2

根据Wiebe Tijsma下面的答案，我将docker-composer.yml文件更新为以下内容

version: '3.4'

services:
  myproject:
    image: ${DOCKER_REGISTRY-}myproject
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: MyProject/Dockerfile
    volumes:
      - photos:/app/Storage

volumes:
  photos:

构建现在似乎运行良好，但运行失败。使用 运行应用程序时docker-composer，Visual Studio 会引发此错误

启动失败，因为容器中的目录“/remote_debugger”为空。这可能是由 Docker 桌面使用的共享驱动器凭据过期造成的。尝试在 Docker 桌面设置的共享驱动器页面中重置凭据，然后重新启动 Docker

这是 Visual Studio 的最新构建输出

1>------ Build started: Project: MyProject, Configuration: Debug Any CPU ------
1>MyProject -> C:\MyProjects\MyProject\MyProject\bin\Debug\netcoreapp3.1\MyProject.dll
2>------ Build started: Project: docker-compose, Configuration: Debug Any CPU ------
2>docker-compose  -f "C:\MyProjects\MyProject\docker-compose.yml" -f "C:\MyProjects\MyProject\docker-compose.override.yml" -f "C:\MyProjects\MyProject\obj\Docker\docker-compose.vs.debug.g.yml" -p dockercompose15694150546677200279 --no-ansi up -d
2>Creating network "dockercompose15694150546677200279_default" with the default driver
2>Creating MyProject ...
2>Creating MyProject ... done
========== Build: 2 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

Answer 1

docker-compose您可以像这样运行并启动您的项目：

services:
    xxxx.service:
    image: ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}orderservice
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile`

这是 docker-composer 的位置