为什么 For..in(loop) 总是破坏它所在的函数?

La *_*ort 5 javascript for-loop function

哈兹。大家好..

我正在学习 Web Dev:https : //www.w3schools.com/

我在这里做了一个非常简单的作业:https : //www.w3schools.com/howto/tryit.asp?filename=tryhow_js_tabs

```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
body {font-family: Arial;}

/* Style the tab */
.tab {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
}

/* Style the buttons inside the tab */
.tab button {
  background-color: inherit;
  float: left;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  transition: 0.3s;
  font-size: 17px;
}

/* Change background color of buttons on hover */
.tab button:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
}

/* Create an active/current tablink class */
.tab button.active {
  background-color: #ccc;
}

/* Style the tab content */
.tabcontent {
  display: none;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-top: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Tabs</h2>
<p>Click on the buttons inside the tabbed menu:</p>

<div class="tab">
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openCity(event, 'London')">London</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openCity(event, 'Paris')">Paris</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openCity(event, 'Tokyo')">Tokyo</button>
</div>

<div id="London" class="tabcontent">
  <h3>London</h3>
  <p>London is the capital city of England.</p>
</div>

<div id="Paris" class="tabcontent">
  <h3>Paris</h3>
  <p>Paris is the capital of France.</p> 
</div>

<div id="Tokyo" class="tabcontent">
  <h3>Tokyo</h3>
  <p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan.</p>
</div>

<script>
function openCity(evt, cityName) {
  var i, tabcontent, tablinks;
  tabcontent = document.getElementsByClassName("tabcontent");
  for (i = 0; i < tabcontent.length; i++) {
    tabcontent[i].style.display = "none";
  }
  tablinks = document.getElementsByClassName("tablinks");
  for (i = 0; i < tablinks.length; i++) {
    tablinks[i].className = tablinks[i].className.replace(" active", "");
  }
  document.getElementById(cityName).style.display = "block";
  evt.currentTarget.className += " active";
}
</script>

</body>
</html>
```
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

但是......当我尝试将传统的 for 循环交换为 for..in 循环时。它不工作?

前任。 for (i in tabcontent) { tabcontent[i].style.display = "none"; }

很多次之后,我试图让它发挥作用。我发现第一个 for..in 循环之后的所有语句都将被跳过!!!??????这意味着函数将在 for..in 循环后自动中断。第一个 for..in 循环正常工作,但它之后的 rest 语句只是跳过。函数在这一点上中断?

如果有人知道这个问题,请帮助我理解它。X__X

AKX*_*AKX 5

您看到的“自动中断”是一个未捕获的异常中断执行——您应该打开浏览器的控制台以查看发生的和未捕获的任何错误。

这种变化产生了

Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set property 'display' of undefined
    at openCity (<anonymous>:6:33)
    at HTMLButtonElement.onclick (tryit.asp?filename=tryhow_js_tabs:1)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

因为for..in循环遍历对象的属性,而不是您想象的数组元素,i最终(由 证明console.log(i))是0, 1, 2,然后 finally length,并且tabcontent.length没有style属性,所以相当于

tabcontent.length.style.display = ...
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

自然失败。